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一般6R機(jī)器人的高精度逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)優(yōu)化算法
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    摘要:

    為提高一般6R機(jī)器人逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)算法的精度和效率,提出一種基于符號(hào)運(yùn)算和矩陣分解的優(yōu)化算法。對(duì)6個(gè)基礎(chǔ)逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)方程作變換,采用符號(hào)運(yùn)算預(yù)處理得到14個(gè)逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)方程,避免大量浮點(diǎn)數(shù)計(jì)算累積誤差。利用其中6個(gè)方程與關(guān)節(jié)變量3無(wú)關(guān)的特點(diǎn),將目標(biāo)矩陣從24階降低到16階,包含的關(guān)節(jié)變量從3個(gè)增加到4個(gè)。 把一元16次方程求根問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)換為矩陣特征分解問(wèn)題,并選取較高數(shù)量級(jí)的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)元素計(jì)算關(guān)節(jié)變量,進(jìn)一步提高了算法精度。以一般6R機(jī)器人為例,求解結(jié)果表明,提出的算法能夠得到具有任意期望精度的最多16組實(shí)數(shù)逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)解。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the inverse kinematics algorithm for general 6R robots, an optimized algorithm was proposed based on symbolic processing and matrix decomposition. The 6 basic inverse kinematics equations were transformed, and symbolic preprocessing was applied to gain 14 inverse kinematics equations without any accumulative errors caused by float point computations. By exploiting the characteristic that 6 equations among them were independent on joint variable 3, the order of the target matrix was reduced from 24 to 16, as while as the number of the included joint variables was increased from 3 to 4. The problem of solving a polynomial of degree 16 was optimized to decomposing a matrix of order 16, and elements with the higher magnitude were selected for calculating the joint variables, so the accuracy was enhanced in a further step. Experiments on general 6R robots show that, the proposed inverse kinematics algorithm can seek 16 real solutions at most with any required accuracy.

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劉松國(guó),朱世強(qiáng),王宣銀,程永倫.一般6R機(jī)器人的高精度逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)優(yōu)化算法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2007,38(11):118-122.[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2007,38(11):118-122.

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