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北方旱作農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)耕作體系關鍵技術
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    摘要:

    對構成北方旱作區(qū)蓄水保墑耕作體系的關鍵技術進行了闡述,以地表覆蓋、少耕免耕技術為核心,以聯(lián)合作業(yè)為手段,達到蓄水保墑、培肥地力的目的。 總結出了6項新技術:一次完成玉米秸稈、根茬粉碎并部分覆埋復合作業(yè)的秸稈根茬聯(lián)合處理技術;在同一刀輥與刀盤上完成旋耕、碎茬兩種作業(yè)的旋耕碎茬通用技術;只在種床部分進行少量耕作(或只開溝)的條帶少(免)耕精密播種技術;壟上覆膜溝內(nèi)播種的起壟膜側溝播技術;利用仿生學設計土壤耕作部件的機械仿生減阻技術;無秸稈種床進行免耕播種的免耕播種秸稈防堵技術。同時給出了耕作體系構成圖。

    Abstract:

    This paper describes the tillage technologies for the tillage system of soil water storage and preservation in the area of dry farming of northern China, with surface mulching, reduced-till and no-till as the core technologies, based on combined operations, to achieve the goal of soil water storage and preservation and improving soil fertility. It summarizes six innovative technologies involving the combined stalk and stubble management technology, in which the stalk and stubble of corn can be broken and partially buried in soil at one time; the universal technology for rototilling and stubble breaking, in which the two operations, can be done on the same blade rotor and disc; the strip reduced-till (no-till) precision seeding technology, in which less-tillage (or only furrowing) is needed in the seed bed; the ridging and film-side furrow sowing technology, in which the ridge is covered with the film and seeds are sowed in the furrow; the mechanical bionic resistance reduction technology, which uses the soil working tool designed based on bionics; and the no-till planting and blockage prevention technology, in which no-till planting is conducted in the residue free seed bed. It also shows the composition diagram of the farming system.

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賈洪雷,陳忠亮,馬成林,劉昭辰,楊青,李廣宇.北方旱作農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)耕作體系關鍵技術[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2008,39(11):59-63.[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(11):59-63.

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