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收割期牧草底部莖稈生物力學(xué)性能試
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on Biomechanical Properties of Bottom Stems of Forage in Harvesting Period
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    摘要:

    以北方典型多年生豆科牧草紫花苜蓿、小冠花和禾本科扁穗冰草、無芒雀麥?zhǔn)斋@期底部莖稈為研究對(duì)象,在500N微機(jī)控制電子萬能試驗(yàn)機(jī)上試驗(yàn)研究了主要力學(xué)性能,并測(cè)定了莖稈在不同狀態(tài)下纖維素、木質(zhì)素、蛋白質(zhì)等主要化學(xué)成分含量,觀測(cè)了莖稈的微觀組織結(jié)構(gòu),得到了莖稈掃描電鏡下的解剖構(gòu)造圖像。研究結(jié)果表明:4種牧草收割期底部莖稈應(yīng)力σ與應(yīng)變?chǔ)徘€服從虎克定律,禾本科扁穗冰草莖稈抗拉強(qiáng)度高而彈性??;豆科小冠花莖稈抗拉強(qiáng)度最低,柔韌性強(qiáng),纖維素質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)也最低(13.87%)。牧草莖稈是天然高分子復(fù)合材料,呈各向異性,其強(qiáng)度和剛度不僅取決于纖維素、木質(zhì)素的含量及其鏈接形式和排列方式,還取決于各自機(jī)械組織的厚度、維管束的數(shù)量以及各組織及其細(xì)胞之間的連接形式和連接強(qiáng)度。

    Abstract:

    Four kinds of leguminous and gramineous forage stems in harvesting period were chosen to perform tensile experiments by the electronic testing machine CMT2502. The cellulose, lignin and protein content of forage stems in different conditions were tested. The microstructure was observed. The SEM images of transverse section were got by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that, the stress-strain curve of bottom stems obeyed Hooke’s law; the tensile strength of Bromus inermis was higher than Coronilla varia, but the elastic was smaller; the tensile strength and cellulose contents of Coronilla varia were smallest (13.87%) in the four species. A forage stem is a natural anisotropic polymeric composite. The strength and stiffness of forage stems depends on the content, linking and sequence of cellulose and lignin, together with the thickness of thick-walled cells, the numbers of vascular bundles and the connection and strength of cells in stems.

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趙春花,韓正晟,王芬娥,曹致中,師尚禮.收割期牧草底部莖稈生物力學(xué)性能試[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2010,41(4):85-89. on Biomechanical Properties of Bottom Stems of Forage in Harvesting Period[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(4):85-89.

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