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軸流泵葉輪內(nèi)空化流動(dòng)的數(shù)值計(jì)算
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of Cavitating Flow in Impeller of Axial-flow Pump
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    首先通過軸流式模型泵外特性試驗(yàn),確定了汽蝕性能曲線?;谕暾栈P秃突旌狭黧w兩相流模型,對(duì)軸流式模型泵設(shè)計(jì)工況下葉輪內(nèi)空化流動(dòng)進(jìn)行全流道數(shù)值計(jì)算。選擇空化開始發(fā)生、臨界汽蝕點(diǎn)以及空化嚴(yán)重時(shí)3個(gè)工況比較分析葉輪內(nèi)空化流動(dòng)的發(fā)展情況。計(jì)算獲得了不同汽蝕余量時(shí)葉片背面靜壓、空泡體積組分分布和不同軸截面上的空泡體積組分分布。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明空化最初發(fā)生在葉片背面進(jìn)口靠近輪緣的局部低壓區(qū);在臨界汽蝕點(diǎn)處,空化發(fā)生的區(qū)域位于葉片背面進(jìn)口至出口弦長的2/3處,面積約占葉片背面面積的50%,隨著空化程度的進(jìn)一步加劇,空化區(qū)域逐漸向后發(fā)展且空泡體積組分逐漸變大,當(dāng)葉輪流道內(nèi)發(fā)生局部空化時(shí),不會(huì)影響到泵的能量性能;空化嚴(yán)重時(shí),靠近進(jìn)口截面的過流面積受到嚴(yán)重堵塞,泵的能量性能嚴(yán)重下降。計(jì)算結(jié)果與外特性試驗(yàn)相吻合,較好地揭示了軸流泵葉輪內(nèi)的空化流動(dòng)的靜態(tài)特征。

    Abstract:

    Cavitation performance curves of the model axial-flow pump were established on the basis of the hydraulic characteristic test with a numerical simulation of steady cavitating flow. Under the designed working conditions, the whole flow passage of the model axial-flow pump was carried out using a full cavitation model and a mixed two-phase flow model. The cavitation flow of the impeller was analyzed by comparing the primary cavitation, critical cavitation, and serious cavitation. The distribution of static pressure and vapor volume fraction of the blade’s suction surface were observed and the vapor volume fraction of the axial section was obtained. The simulation results showed that cavitation first occurred on the local low-pressure area on the back of the blade’s leading edge, which was close to the tip. When the pump ran at its critical cavitation point, the chord length of the cavitation region was 2/3 of the length from the back of blade’s leading edge to its trailing edge, approximately 50% of the back of the blade. After further increasing cavitation, the cavitation region extended towards the trailing edge and the fraction of its volume became larger. When local cavitation occurred in the impeller, it did not affect the power of the pump; however, when cavitation was serious, the over-current cross section close to the leading edge was obstructed, and the pump’s power declined seriously. The results of the simulation agreed with basis of the hydraulic characteristic test, revealed the axial flow impeller cavitation within the static characteristics. 

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楊敏官,姬凱,李忠.軸流泵葉輪內(nèi)空化流動(dòng)的數(shù)值計(jì)算[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2010,41(Z1):10-14. of Cavitating Flow in Impeller of Axial-flow Pump[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(Z1):10-14.

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