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南方紅壤區(qū)農(nóng)田道路強(qiáng)降雨侵蝕過程試驗(yàn)
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水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(200901049、201001055)


Field Simulated Experiment on Erosion Processes of Different Farm Roads under a Heavy Rain in Red Soil Region
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    摘要:

    以南方紅壤區(qū)江西水土保持生態(tài)科技園為研究區(qū),通過野外調(diào)查選擇4種典型農(nóng)田道路(即裸露土路、碎石道路、泥結(jié)石路和植草土路)設(shè)置12個(gè)原位試驗(yàn)小區(qū),采用人工模擬降雨試驗(yàn)研究了3.0mm/min強(qiáng)降雨條件下農(nóng)田道路侵蝕過程及特征。結(jié)果表明:被高度壓實(shí)的農(nóng)田道路產(chǎn)流時(shí)間短(小于2min),并在2~6min內(nèi)徑流趨于平穩(wěn),徑流系數(shù)高達(dá)65%以上;農(nóng)田道路產(chǎn)流初期侵蝕率較大,隨后下降并在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)趨于穩(wěn)定。降雨后期,裸露土路路面出現(xiàn)細(xì)溝和微型切溝導(dǎo)致侵蝕率有所增大;與裸露土路相比,碎石道路、泥結(jié)石路和植草土路均可以改變路面徑流的水力學(xué)特征,實(shí)現(xiàn)土質(zhì)道路防護(hù)和減少侵蝕產(chǎn)沙的作用,減沙效益最低也可達(dá)40%左右,并以植草土路的水土保持效果最佳。

    Abstract:

    Totally 4 farm roads, i.e. the bare unpaved road, the stone covered road, the stone and grass covered road and the grass covered road, were selected on the representative area named Jiangxi Eco-science Park of Soil and Water Conservation. Twelve rainfall simulation experiments with an intensity of 3.0mm/min were carried out on the selected roads. The results indicated that runoff from the farm roads was recorded less than 2min. The runoff rate increased quickly and reached steady level in the first 2~6min. The runoff coefficient was above 65%. The erosion rate was high at the beginning of the rainfall and then decreased due to the loss of fine soil surface particles and porosity changes. At later period, the erosion rate of the bare unpaved road increased to some extent due to the appearance of rill and micro-gully. Compared with the bare unpaved road, the stone covered road, the stone and grass covered road and the grass covered road can all change the runoff hydraulic characteristics, so to protect the farm roads and decrease sediment yield. The lowest benefit of sediment reduction was up to about 40% among them, and the grassed road had the best benefit of soil and water conservation.

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鄭海金,楊潔,張洪江,汪邦穩(wěn),肖勝生,段劍.南方紅壤區(qū)農(nóng)田道路強(qiáng)降雨侵蝕過程試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2012,43(9):85-90,98. Zheng Haijin, Yang Jie, Zhang Hongjiang, Wang Bangwen, Xiao Shengsheng, Duan Jian. Field Simulated Experiment on Erosion Processes of Different Farm Roads under a Heavy Rain in Red Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(9):85-90,98.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2012-09-04
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