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阻力形式對坡面流流速修正系數(shù)的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2011BAD31B05)和國家科技重大專項資助項目(2009ZX07212-002-003-002)


Effects of Resistance Forms on Velocity Correction Factor of Overland Flow
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    摘要:

    坡面流平均流速是建立坡面土壤侵蝕過程模型的基礎參數(shù),主要通過示蹤法測定的水流表層流速乘以修正系數(shù)α獲得,因此對α的合理取值是準確計算平均流速的關鍵。在收集和整理前人試驗資料的基礎上,利用室內水槽沖刷試驗,研究了不同阻力形式(顆粒阻力、輸沙阻力、植被阻力)對坡面流流速修正系數(shù)的影響。結果表明:坡面流流速修正系數(shù)隨顆粒阻力、輸沙阻力增加而減小,隨植被阻力增加而增大,兩者均可用冪函數(shù)表示;不同阻力形式主要通過改變坡面流流速分布影響流速修正系數(shù),顆粒阻力和輸沙阻力主要使流速梯度變大,而植被阻力主要使流速梯度變小。利用逐步回歸分析給出了多種阻力形式作用下流速修正系數(shù)的預測公式,與實測值對比,吻合較好。

    Abstract:

    Mean flow velocity is one of the most important hydraulic variables in soil erosion modeling, which is normally estimated by multiplying surface velocity of flow with a correction factor (α). So a reasonable α value is imperative for precise estimation of mean flow velocity. The effects of grain resistance, transport resistance and vegetation resistance on correction factor α were investigated through indoor scouring experiment on the basis of the datasets collecting from the literature. The results showed that α decreased as grain resistance, transport resistance increased and increased as vegetation resistance increased. The effects of different resistance forms on α were mainly achieved by changing the velocity profile of overland flow. The grain resistance and transport resistance made the velocity profiles steeper, while the vegetation resistance made the velocity profiles gentler. The prediction equation of α under various forms of resistance was proposed by using stepwise regression analysis and the predicted values agreed well with the measured ones.

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趙春紅,高建恩,王飛,張通,張夢杰.阻力形式對坡面流流速修正系數(shù)的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2013,44(10):130-135,46. Zhao Chunhong, Gao Jian’en, Wang Fei, Zhang Tong, Zhang Mengjie. Effects of Resistance Forms on Velocity Correction Factor of Overland Flow[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(10):130-135,46.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-10-14
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