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耕作方式對(duì)華北一年兩熟區(qū)土壤及作物特性的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51205398、51175499)


Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Characteristics of Soil and Crop in Annual Double Cropping Areas in Northern China
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    摘要:

    為了研究不同耕作方式在華北一年兩熟區(qū)的適應(yīng)性,設(shè)置深松、旋耕、傳統(tǒng)翻耕、免耕4種不同耕作方式,分析耕作方式對(duì)土壤水穩(wěn)團(tuán)聚體、容重、含水率、土壤溫度和植株生長(zhǎng)特性的影響。結(jié)果表明:免耕、深松可分別提高0~10cm、10~30cm土層內(nèi)粒徑大于0.25mm水穩(wěn)團(tuán)聚體的含量;隨土層深度的增加,土壤容重增大,其中旋耕、深松分別降低0~10cm、10~30cm土層的容重,在0~20cm土層免耕的容重最大,20cm以下,旋耕、翻耕、免耕間容重的差異不明顯;深松有較好的蓄水保墑能力,其中10~30cm土層的效果最好,0~30cm土層的含水率分別比翻耕、旋耕、免耕高2.5%、1.6%、0.4%;翻耕的土壤溫度受氣溫影響的變化幅度最大,免耕的變化幅度和日平均土壤溫度最?。簧钏煽纱龠M(jìn)玉米前期的生長(zhǎng),免耕促進(jìn)后期生長(zhǎng),且深松能提高冬小麥的產(chǎn)量。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the adaptability of different tillage treatments in annual double cropping areas in northern China, four different tillage treatments were set up, including subsoiling, rotary tillage, conventional tillage and no-till. The effects of different tillage treatments on soil water stable aggregates, soil bulk density, soil water content, soil temperature and crop growth were studied. The results showed that, no-till and subsoiling increased the content of soil water stable aggregates with a diameter larger than 0.25mm at 0~10cm and 10~30cm soil layer, respectively. While the results of no-till and conventional tillage was not obvious. The regulating effects in soil bulk density were increased with the increase of the depth of soil layer. Rotary tillage and subsoiling could reduce the content of soil bulk density at 0~10cm and 10~30cm soil layer, respectively. The soil bulk density of no-till was the biggest at 0~20cm soil layer, and there were no significant differences observed among the conventional tillage, rotary tillage and no-tillage under 20cm soil layer. The preserve soil moisture ability of subsoiling was higher than others. Compared with subsoiling, the soil moisture content of rotary tillage, plowing tillage and no-tillage was reduced by 2.5%, 1.6%, 0.4%,respectively. The range of soil temperature of plowing tillage was the greatest with the change of air temperature, while the range and daily mean soil temperature of no-till was the least. Subsoiling promoted the yield of winter wheat and the growth of crops in the initial stage, while no-till had a better result at a later stage.

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張祥彩,李洪文,何進(jìn),王慶杰,鄭智旗,荊鵬.耕作方式對(duì)華北一年兩熟區(qū)土壤及作物特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2013,44(Supp1):77-82,71. Zhang Xiangcai, Li Hongwen, He Jin, Wang Qingjie, Zheng Zhiqi, Jing Peng. Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Characteristics of Soil and Crop in Annual Double Cropping Areas in Northern China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp1):77-82,71.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-10-22
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