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干旱區(qū)滴灌均勻系數(shù)對(duì)土壤水氮分布影響模擬
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(50979115、51179204)


Modeling Distributions of Water and Nitrate in Soil as Affected by Drip System Uniformity under Arid Conditions
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    摘要:

    基于HYDRUS-2D軟件建立了棉花膜下滴灌水氮運(yùn)移模型,利用干旱區(qū)棉花膜下滴灌試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了參數(shù)率定和驗(yàn)證。將灌水器流量沿毛管的變化離散為依次逐段減小,并假設(shè)土壤水分在各段之間不存在交換,利用驗(yàn)證后的數(shù)學(xué)模型研究了干旱區(qū)不同滴灌均勻系數(shù)時(shí)土壤水氮分布特征,評(píng)估了土壤空間變異對(duì)水氮分布均勻性的影響。模擬結(jié)果表明,隨著灌水的進(jìn)行,滴灌均勻系數(shù)Cu為0.60和0.80時(shí),土壤含水率和NO-3-N質(zhì)量濃度均勻系數(shù)均呈下降趨勢(shì),而Cu=0.95時(shí)變化較平穩(wěn);滴灌均勻系數(shù)越低,灌水后土壤含水率和NO-3-N質(zhì)量濃度均勻系數(shù)降低的幅度越大;土壤NO-3-N質(zhì)量濃度均勻系數(shù)的變化范圍為0.35~1.00,低于土壤含水率均勻系數(shù)。田間試驗(yàn)存在的土壤空間變異在一定程度上增加了土壤水氮分布不均勻性。

    Abstract:

    A model simulating the transport of water and nitrate in soil under mulched drip irrigation of cotton was established and solved numerically by using the HYDRUS-2D package. The model was calibrated and validated by the field experiments conducted in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, during the cotton growing seasons of 2010 and 2011. The emitter discharge rates that progressively decreased from the inlet to the distal end along the dripline were discretized as a series of sequential segments each having an equal discharge rate. Assuming no lateral exchange of water in soil between adjacent segments, the model, which had been verified, was used to evaluate the effect of drip system uniformity and soil spatial variability on the distributions of water and nitrate in soil under arid conditions. The results indicated that the uniformity coefficients of soil water content and nitrate were observed in downward trend for drip system uniformity coefficients (Cu) of 0.60 and 0.80, while a relatively stable variation pattern was observed for Cu=0.95; the lower system uniformity the greater decrease in the uniformity coefficient of soil water content and nitrate following an irrigation event was observed. The uniformity coefficient of soil nitrate, which varied from 0.35 to 1.00, was substantially lower than that of soil water content. Meanwhile, the soil spatial variability in the experimental field increased the nonuniform distributions of the soil water and nitrate.

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關(guān)紅杰,李久生,栗巖峰.干旱區(qū)滴灌均勻系數(shù)對(duì)土壤水氮分布影響模擬[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(3):107-117. Guan Hongjie, Li Jiusheng, Li Yanfeng. Modeling Distributions of Water and Nitrate in Soil as Affected by Drip System Uniformity under Arid Conditions[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):107-117.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-03-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-02-10