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牛肉高壓冷凍過程中熱變化和冰晶形態(tài)研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(31071620)和國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)資助項目(2011AA100801)


Thermal Behaviors and Ice Crystal Properties in Pressure Shift Freezing of Beef
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    以牛肉為研究對象,分別進(jìn)行高壓冷凍和傳統(tǒng)冷凍試驗,分析了冷凍過程中的熱變化和形成的冰晶形態(tài)。高壓冷凍試驗在3個不同的壓力下進(jìn)行,分別為100MPa(-9℃)、150MPa(-15℃)和200MPa(-20℃);傳統(tǒng)冷凍(空氣冷凍和液體浸沒冷凍)在0.1MPa和-20℃條件下進(jìn)行。試驗結(jié)果表明:傳統(tǒng)冷凍形成的冰晶多數(shù)位于組織細(xì)胞外,冰晶粗大且不均勻,對組織細(xì)胞造成嚴(yán)重的壓迫和機械損傷;高壓冷凍形成的冰晶體積較小,在樣品中分布較均勻,且壓力越大,位于胞內(nèi)的冰晶越多,對樣品組織的破壞程度越小。空氣冷凍的凍結(jié)時間最長(85min),液體浸沒冷凍結(jié)冰速率較快(5.5min),高壓冷凍的凍結(jié)時間在100、150和200MPa時分別為2.47、1.22和0.83min;壓力越大,卸壓時形成的超冷度越大,冰點越低,凍結(jié)所需時間越短。

    Abstract:

    The experiments of pressure shift freezing (PSF) and conventional freezing were conducted on beef, and the thermal behaviors and ice crystal properties in freezing process were analyzed. The PSF experiments at 100MPa (-9℃), 150MPa (-15℃) and 200MPa (-20℃) were performed as well as conventional air freezing (CAF) and liquid immersion freezing (LIF) at -20℃ and 0.1MPa. The results show that most of the ice crystals formed in conventional freezing is extracellular, the size is large and non uniform, and severe strain and mechanical injuries has happened on the tissue cells. The crystals formed in PSF have smaller and more uniform size and spread more evenly in samples than that in conventional freezing. And the higher the pressure was, the more crystals formed in intracellular spaces and the less cell injuries happened. The freezing time in CAF is 85min, in LIF is 5.5min, and is 2.47, 1.22 and 0.83min when subjecting to 100, 150 and 200MPa PSF treatments; the degree of supercooling formed in depressurization increases with pressure increasing. However, the freezing point drops with and the freezing time needed reduces with the pressure increasing.

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蘇光明,Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy,于 勇,胡菲菲,徐夢龍,朱松明.牛肉高壓冷凍過程中熱變化和冰晶形態(tài)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2014,45(3):206-214. u Guangming, Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy, Yu Yong, Hu Feifei, Xu Menglong, Zhu Songming. Thermal Behaviors and Ice Crystal Properties in Pressure Shift Freezing of Beef[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(3):206-214.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-11-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-02-10