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玉米季土壤抗沖性變化特征及其影響因素分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(40901138、41271307)和四川省學(xué)術(shù)和技術(shù)帶頭人培養(yǎng)資金資助項(xiàng)目(2012)


Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Anti-scourability during Maize Growing Season
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    摘要:

    采用野外原狀土沖刷與室內(nèi)分析相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)玉米各生育期土壤抗沖性動(dòng)態(tài)變化及其影響因素進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明:不同坡度條件下,玉米各生育期土壤沖刷過程中含沙量隨沖刷時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)呈先下降后趨于平穩(wěn)的變化,在15°坡度下含沙量最高。土壤抗沖性和增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)隨生育期推進(jìn)呈逐漸增加的趨勢(shì),于成熟期達(dá)最大。隨沖刷坡度的增加,玉米根系對(duì)土壤抗沖性的增強(qiáng)效應(yīng)呈逐漸降低的變化趨勢(shì)。土壤抗沖性與土壤容重、有機(jī)質(zhì)和2mm以上水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體數(shù)量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與0~0.25mm水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體數(shù)量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。土壤抗沖性與含根量、根系表面積、根系體積和總根長(zhǎng)呈極顯著正相關(guān)。因此,采用增施有機(jī)肥促進(jìn)有機(jī)質(zhì)和水穩(wěn)性團(tuán)聚體的提高,以及篩選根徑0~0.5mm根系發(fā)達(dá)的玉米品種對(duì)該區(qū)域水土流失防治具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。

    Abstract:

    Soil anti-scourability is one of the important parameters for evaluating the ability of soil resistance to soil erosion. In order to explore the characteristics of soil anti-scourability, dynamic change and influence factors of soil anti-scourability were studied during maize growing season by using the method of the undisturbed soil sample washing experiment and laboratory analysis. The results showed that sediment concentration decreased first and then gradually became a balanced developing state with the prolonging washing time during the maize growth season under the condition of different sloping degrees. The sediment concentration reached the highest value under the condition of 15°. With the growing of maize, soil anti-scourability and enhancement effect increased gradually and reached the maximum in the mature period. With the increase in slope, the enhancement effect of maize root on soil anti-scourability decreased gradually. Soil anti-scourability positively correlated with soil bulk density, organic matter content and >2mm water-stable aggregates significantly, but negatively correlated with <0.25mm water-stable aggregates. Soil anti scourability was significantly correlated with the root content, root surface area, root volume, and total root length. Therefore, it had great significance for guiding comprehensive control of soil erosion to select the maize varieties with <0.5mm root systems, and applying soil and water conservation measures to increase soil organic matter content and water-stable aggregates. The results could provide theoretical guidance to soil erosion control in purple soil areas.

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鄭子成,張錫洲,李廷軒,金 偉,林超文.玉米季土壤抗沖性變化特征及其影響因素分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(9):180-186. Zheng Zicheng, Zhang Xizhou, Li Tingxuan, Jin Wei, Lin Chaowen. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Soil Anti-scourability during Maize Growing Season[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(9):180-186.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-09-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-09-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-09-10