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基于壓電薄膜的免耕播種機(jī)播種深度控制系統(tǒng)
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2014BAD06B03)和吉林省科技發(fā)展計劃資助項目(20130206007NY)


Automatic Control System of Seeding Depth Based on Piezoelectric Film for No-till Planter
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    摘要:

    為使免耕播種機(jī)在秸稈覆蓋地作業(yè)時自動保證播種深度的一致性和穩(wěn)定性,設(shè)計了一種主動作用式播種深度自動控制系統(tǒng)。采用聚偏二氟乙烯(Polyvinylidence fluoride,PVDF)壓電薄膜傳感器將免耕播種機(jī)限深輪的胎面形變量轉(zhuǎn)換為電壓信號,信號處理電路對傳感器產(chǎn)生的信號放大濾波,提取信號峰值,系統(tǒng)根據(jù)峰值信號實時監(jiān)測播種單體對地表的壓力,控制信號形成電路在壓力不足時發(fā)出控制信號,控制安裝在播種機(jī)機(jī)架與播種單體四連桿間的空氣彈簧產(chǎn)生推力,使播種單體能夠產(chǎn)生對地表的壓力,從而保證播種深度的一致性。試驗結(jié)果表明,所設(shè)計的主動作用式播種深度自動控制系統(tǒng)能夠精確控制開溝深度,仿形性能可靠,作業(yè)速度為5~8km/h時,播深合格率達(dá)到90%,作業(yè)速度大于8km/h時,播深合格率明顯高于被動作用式播種深度控制裝置。

    Abstract:

    Conservation tillage effectively protects the environment. A no-till planter can seed on the straw mulching farmlands, and it is the most important machine in conservation tillage. In order to make sure the consistency of sowing depth, an active seeding depth control system was designed for a no-till planter. The system was consisted of piezoelectric film sensor, a signal processing circuit, a control signal generating circuit and a pneumatic drive system. When planting with a conventional row crop planter which had a plurality of row units mounted on a toolbar, it was necessary to provide a sufficient down force on each row unit to ensure that the seed trench opener was fully penetrated into the soil. Proper down force was also essential to provide proper amount of soil compaction in the side walls of the seed trench. Seeding depth primarily depended on the down force on each row unit. In order to make adjustments to the down force in real time, it was needed to measure the magnitude of the down force on an ongoing basis. The piezoelectric film sensors were used for measuring the deformation of depth limit wheel, the down force of the row unit was monitored in real time according to the deformation of the limit wheel. The piezoelectric film generated charge during rotating of the wheel. The sensor changed the charge into a voltage signal. The voltage signal was processed by low-pass filter and preamplifier circuit in order to eliminate the noise and amplifiy the filter, and then the peak-holding circuit gained the peak voltage value which was sampled by A/D conversion and sent to control signal generating circuit by the wireless transmitter. Wireless receiver received the digital signal which was compared with the present value stored in the microcontroller, if the received signal was less than the present value, the difference between the received signal and the present value formed the control signal. The pneumatic drive system was consisted of air compressors, tank, filters, electric-gas proportional valve and air spring. To provide the necessary down force, an air spring was assembled at the linkage which was mounted in the row unit to the toolbar. Compressed air was generated by the air compressor and stored in the tank, and then the compressed air was filtered to filter out dust and impurities. Pure compressed air was fed to the electric-gas proportional valve; the output of electricgas proportional valve was connected to the air spring. The output gas pressure of the electricgas proportional valve was controlled by control signal, the air spring can generate corresponding down force on the unit row. A field experiment was conducted to verify the performance of the seeding depth automatic control system, and the result showed that the seeding depth control system can provide accurate ditching depth and reliable performance of profiling. When the speed of the planter was over 8km/h, the qualified sowing depth rate of the active seeding depth control system was much better than that of the passive control system.

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黃東巖,朱龍圖,賈洪雷,于婷婷.基于壓電薄膜的免耕播種機(jī)播種深度控制系統(tǒng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2015,46(4):1-8. Huang Dongyan, Zhu Longtu, Jia Honglei, Yu Tingting. Automatic Control System of Seeding Depth Based on Piezoelectric Film for No-till Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):1-8.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-12-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-04-10
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