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優(yōu)先流影響下環(huán)式入滲儀內(nèi)入滲過(guò)程可視化試驗(yàn)
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Visualized Experiment for Observing Infiltration Process Affected by Preferential Flow inside Ring Infiltrometer
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    摘要:

    提出了一種室內(nèi)土壤入滲試驗(yàn)裝置,可以直接觀測(cè)入滲過(guò)程中水分在環(huán)內(nèi)土壤中的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。詳細(xì)描述了該裝置的構(gòu)成、工作原理和試驗(yàn)方法與過(guò)程。該裝置由可以拆分的土槽和入滲環(huán)及可以透視的有機(jī)玻璃板組成。將入滲環(huán)打擊進(jìn)入土槽內(nèi)土壤后,用鋼板將環(huán)內(nèi)的土壤沿徑向切分成兩半,移去其中一個(gè)半環(huán)及其中的土壤。用有機(jī)玻璃板封閉和固定另一半環(huán)內(nèi)的土壤,用于進(jìn)行土壤水分入滲過(guò)程的可視化試驗(yàn),觀察環(huán)式入滲儀內(nèi)的水分運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程。用采自北京的粉壤土進(jìn)行入滲過(guò)程試驗(yàn),同時(shí)根據(jù)水量平衡原理計(jì)算得到土壤入滲性能曲線。剖切面的濕潤(rùn)過(guò)程直觀地顯示了入滲環(huán)內(nèi)水分的入滲過(guò)程存在優(yōu)先流,不僅影響初始入滲過(guò)程,而且對(duì)整個(gè)入滲過(guò)程均產(chǎn)生影響。根據(jù)土壤濕潤(rùn)體所指示的土壤入滲特征將整個(gè)入滲過(guò)程劃分為3個(gè)階段: 初始入滲階段、過(guò)渡階段和穩(wěn)滲階段。

    Abstract:

    Studying the effects of preferential flow on the infiltration process is of great importance to increase the accuracy of measurement. An experimental device was suggested to display water movement process in the soil during infiltration. The device consisted of a disassemble soil container, a halved infiltration ring and see-through container surface made of plexiglass plate. After infiltration ring was hammered into soil inside the container, the soil inside the halved ring was cut radially into two halves with a steel plate, part of soil outside the experimental part of the container was removed and a plexiglass plate was used to cover the soil inside infiltration ring for dynamic visualization infiltration experiment. Then the infiltration process in the soil profile within the ring can be observed. The structure of the device, working principle and its application methodologies were detailed. A series of infiltration experiments were conducted to demonstrate the working procedures of the device with silt loam taken from Beijing. The exemplary soil infiltrability processes were computed based on the water supplied into the ring during the experiments. The dynamic process of wetted area in the soil profile inside the ring indicated that preferential flow not only influenced the initial infiltration process but also affected the total infiltration process. The whole infiltration process was divided into three stages based on the infiltration characteristics produced by wetting soil, which were initial infiltration stage, transitional stage and steady infiltration stage, respectively.

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張婧,雷廷武,胡雅琪,閆軍,陳天勤.優(yōu)先流影響下環(huán)式入滲儀內(nèi)入滲過(guò)程可視化試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2015,46(4):155-160. Zhang Jing, Lei Tingwu, Hu Yaqi, Yan Jun, Chen Tianqin. Visualized Experiment for Observing Infiltration Process Affected by Preferential Flow inside Ring Infiltrometer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):155-160.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-04-21
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-04-10
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