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基于光譜探測的小麥精準(zhǔn)追肥機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2013BAD08B04—8)和江蘇省普通高校研究生科研創(chuàng)新計劃資助項目(KYLX_0518)


Design and Experiment of Variable Rate Fertilizer Applicator Based on Crop Canopy Spectral Reflectance
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    摘要:

    為了實現(xiàn)小麥生長過程中的實時變量追肥,使用近地光譜探測技術(shù),設(shè)計了大田實時變量追肥機(jī)。追肥光譜監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)實時獲取作物冠層歸一化植被指數(shù),結(jié)合追肥策略計算出當(dāng)前的目標(biāo)施肥量,采用測速和測距法反饋肥料流量信息,并根據(jù)追肥機(jī)實際行進(jìn)速度,實時調(diào)整追肥量,實現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)變量追肥。試驗結(jié)果表明,田間小麥長勢存在空間差異性,冠層的歸一化植被指數(shù)可以解析此差異性;追肥機(jī)追肥控制精度達(dá)到90%以上,可以滿足精準(zhǔn)追肥的要求;變量追肥比定量均勻追肥增施氮肥28kg/hm2左右。

    Abstract:

    This variable rate fertilizer applicator based on crop canopy real-time spectral information (normalized differential vegetation index) was designed to realize real-time variable fertilization in the field. By accessing the real-time normalized differential vegetation index via six spectrum sensors, and the speed of the tractor via velocitymeasuring system, the expert system of applicator could ascertain the rate of fertilizer based on the fertilization algorithm. The expert system of applicator adjusted fertilizing to attain precision fertilization according to the feedback fertilizer flow. The system design, working principle and experiments of the applicator were explained. The experimental results indicated that the inherent spatial variability of wheat growth within a field was considerable, and wheat canopy normalized differential vegetation index could resolve this difference. The fertilization precision could reach above 90%, and variable rate fertilizer applied more nitrogen (28kg/hm2) than quantitative fertilization. Therefore, the control system of the rate fertilizer applicator was favorable, and the applicator could achieve precise fertilization in the precision agriculture.

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陳滿,施印炎,汪小旵,孫國祥,李永博.基于光譜探測的小麥精準(zhǔn)追肥機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2015,46(5):26-32. Chen Man, Shi Yinyan, Wang Xiaochan, Sun Guoxiang, Li Yongbo. Design and Experiment of Variable Rate Fertilizer Applicator Based on Crop Canopy Spectral Reflectance[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):26-32.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-05-10
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