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南方節(jié)水灌溉稻田能量通量特征及其規(guī)律分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(51209066)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費專項資金資助項目(2014B17114)、中國博士后科學(xué)基金資助項目(2013T60495)和江蘇高校優(yōu)秀科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊基金資助項目


Characteristics and Law Analysis of Energy Flux in Southern Water-saving Irrigation Paddy Field
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    摘要:

    利用渦度相關(guān)系統(tǒng)在江蘇省昆山市試驗研究基地2013年水稻生育期所測的凈輻射量、土壤熱通量、潛熱通量和顯熱通量等觀測資料,分析了能量各通量在典型晴天、陰天的日變化規(guī)律和稻季能量通量的日變化、月變化及分配特征,討論了能量各組分占凈輻射量的比例和不同時間尺度上稻田的能量閉合情況。結(jié)果表明:能量平衡各分量在亞熱帶南部季風(fēng)區(qū)節(jié)水灌溉稻田典型晴天以及水稻生育期間月均日變化均呈明顯的倒“U”型單峰趨勢,典型陰天能量平衡各分量日均值和峰值均小于晴天,但也呈單峰型變化趨勢。稻季潛熱通量占凈輻射量的86.2%,土壤熱通量占凈輻射量的1.3%,不同時間尺度上凈輻射量均主要以潛熱形式加濕大氣,感熱通量占凈輻射量的0.8%,與潛熱通量差異顯著,且占凈輻射量的比例呈此消彼長的關(guān)系。在能量通量的測量過程中,與凈輻射量相比,感熱、潛熱通量滯后于凈輻射量約0.5h,土壤熱通量滯后1.5~2.5h。熱傳輸速度不同步,從而影響了能量的短期閉合率。但與其他生態(tài)系統(tǒng)相比,該節(jié)水灌溉稻田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能量閉合度較高,說明該試驗區(qū)渦度數(shù)據(jù)可靠,通量特征及規(guī)律具有較好的代表性,有利于通量研究的進(jìn)一步開展。

    Abstract:

    Based on the observation data, including net radiation flux, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux, etc., which were surveyed at the stage of rice growth in 2013 at Kunshan Irrigation and Drainage Experiment Station with eddy covariance method, this article analyzes the features and distribution characteristics of energy balance components in the typical sunny day and cloudy day, as well as the diurnal and monthly variations of energy fluxes in rice season. The ratios of energy balance components to the net radiation and the energy closure degree of paddy field in different temporal scales were also discussed. The results illustrated that the monthly averaged diurnal variations of energy balance components, which were observed in typical sunny day in southern subtropical monsoon region at the stage of rice growth, obviously presented as the singlet trend of inverted “U” shape. The daily mean value and peak value of energy balance components in typical sunny day were smaller than that in cloudy day, but it also presented as the trend of singlet variation. The difference between latent heat flux and sensible heat flux appeared apparently. The ratios of the above two to the net radiation were anti-connected and the values were 86.2% and 0.8%, respectively. The ratio of the soil heat flux to the net radiation was 1.3%. As a result, the latent heat flux was the main component of net radiation in different temporal scales. Due to out-sync of energy transformation, turbulent fluxes lagged behind the net radiation about 0.5h, and the hysteresis of surface soil heat flux was about 1.5~2.5h. Energy balance components in different time spots were corresponding incompletely as to the impact to the short-term energy closure rate. But compared with other ecosystems, there was a better energy balance closure in water-saving irrigation paddy field, which suggested the flux data measured by eddy covariance method was capable to act as an effective judgment for evaluating the availability of energy flux features.

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劉笑吟,楊士紅,李霽雯,徐俊增,劉明.南方節(jié)水灌溉稻田能量通量特征及其規(guī)律分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2015,46(5):83-92. Liu Xiaoyin, Yang Shihong, Li Jiwen, Xu Junzeng, Liu Ming. Characteristics and Law Analysis of Energy Flux in Southern Water-saving Irrigation Paddy Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):83-92.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-08-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-05-10
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