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黃土丘陵區(qū)棗林土壤水分動態(tài)及其對蒸騰的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2011BAD29B04、2013BAD20B03)、林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項資助項目(20140470)和陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程計劃資助項目(2013KTZB02—03—02)


Soil Moisture Characteristics and Its Influence on Jujube Tree Transpiration in Loess Hilly Region
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    摘要:

    為了探明黃土高原半干旱區(qū)山地棗林蒸騰和土壤水分間的關(guān)系,對山地棗林的土壤水分和棗樹莖液流動態(tài)進行了連續(xù)3年的定位監(jiān)測,結(jié)果表明:土壤含水率時空變異性顯著,垂直方向上隨著土層深度的增加,變異系數(shù)(Cv)逐漸降低。其自上而下可劃分為土壤水分變化層(0~2.6m)、土壤水分干層(2.6~6.0m)和土壤水分恢復(fù)層(6.0~10.0m)。棗樹液流監(jiān)測的參數(shù)在生育期和休眠期間具有顯著性差異,根據(jù)這一特征可以對棗樹生育期進行較為準確的界定?;谝毫鲄?shù)特征確定的生育期與觀察樹體萌芽、落葉確定的生育期時長基本一致,均約為160d,但基于液流參數(shù)確定的生育期較后者約提前5d。土壤水分的增加會使棗樹液流(瞬時蒸騰)的谷值出現(xiàn)時間提前,峰值出現(xiàn)時間推后,“午休”時間縮短,旺盛蒸騰時間延長,反之亦然。棗樹生育前期蒸騰均呈逐日增加趨勢,而生育中后期蒸騰和土壤水分呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the relationships between jujube tree transpiration and soil moisture in semi-arid loess hilly area, soil moisture and jujube tree sap flow were monitored for three consecutive years. Results showed that temporal and spatial variability of soil moisture were significant. Soil moisture increased with the increase of soil depth but its coefficient of variation decreased gradually in the vertical direction. According to the variation of soil moisture, soil depth was divided into three layers from top to bottom: soil moisture changing layer (0~2.6m), dried soil layer (2.6~6.0m) and soil moisture recovery layer (6.0~10.0m). Parameters of jujube tree sap flow were significantly different between growth period and dormant period, therefore, the growth period of jujube tree could be demarcated more accurately. The growth period divided based on sap flow characteristics lasted about 160d, which was similar to that determined by sprout and defoliation observation method, but it started and ended nearly 5d in advance. The increase of soil moisture led to forward of minimum values and delay of maximum values of jujube tree sap flow, the “l(fā)unch break” time was shortened, but the transpiration time was strongly prolonged, and vice versa. Jujube tree sap flow increased at the early growth stage, and the positive correlation between transpiration and soil moisture were significant at the middle and late growth stages.

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魏新光,聶真義,劉守陽,佘檀,馬建鵬,汪有科.黃土丘陵區(qū)棗林土壤水分動態(tài)及其對蒸騰的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2015,46(6):130-140. Wei Xinguang, Nie Zhenyi, Liu Shouyang, She Tan, Ma Jianpeng, Wang Youke. Soil Moisture Characteristics and Its Influence on Jujube Tree Transpiration in Loess Hilly Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(6):130-140.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-03-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-06-10