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黃土丘陵半干旱區(qū)棗林露水量研究
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2011BAD29B04、2013BAD20B03)、林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項資助項目(20140470)和陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程計劃資助項目(2013KTZB02-03-02)


Dew Amount of Jujube Plantation in Semi-arid Loess Hilly-gully Region
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    摘要:

    利用2012年和2013年葉片濕度傳感器(LWS)、溫濕度儀、熱擴散式探針(TDP)、中子儀實測的露水強度、冠層溫濕度、樹干徑流、土壤水分及氣象站監(jiān)測的氣象因子,分析了棗林生育期內露水量的變化規(guī)律,探討了其與水資源輸入、輸出項的關系。研究結果表明,2012年和2013年棗林露水量隨生育期變化呈現(xiàn)遞增趨勢,果實成熟期達到最大值。露水總量分別為31.31、37.87 mm,分別占同期降水量、蒸騰量和蒸發(fā)量的6.87%、10.00%、17.65%和7.90%、15.00%、17.90%,露水量日平均值分別達0.44、0.47 mm。此外,露水量具有發(fā)生頻率高、穩(wěn)定性強、重度露水量(大于0.20 mm)比重大的特點。在棗樹全生育期內,露水量作為水資源輸入項會引起蒸騰量在果實膨大和成熟期顯著降低(P<0.05),但對蒸發(fā)量無顯著影響。研究顯示露水是該區(qū)棗林重要水源,是水量平衡中不可缺少的輸入項。

    Abstract:

    Dew is one of the important water sources for plants growing, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, it was seldom researched. The dew amount and its relationships with input-output of water resources in the jujube plantations in semi-arid Loess hilly-gully region were investigated during jujube growth periods in 2012 and 2013, depending on the dew intensities, canopy temperature, canopy relative humidity, sap flow, soil moisture and meteorological factors which were measured by the dielectric leaf wetness sensor (LWS), the VP-3 relative humidity/temperature sensor, thermal diffuse probe (TDP), neutron probe and meteorological station, respectively. The results showed that the dew amount increased throughout the jujube growth seasons and reached its maximum value at the fruit ripening stage. The cumulative dew amounts during jujube growth periods in 2012 and 2013 were 31.31 mm and 37.87 mm,respectively, which accounted for 6.87% and 7.90% of rain, 10.00% and 15.00% of transpiration, and 17.65% and 17.90% of evaporation at the same period, respectively. The dew amount with high frequency and strong stability had a large proportion of heavy dew in the jujube plantations in the Loess hilly-gully region. As one of the input water resources, dew significantly reduced jujube transpiration during fruit enlargement and ripening stages (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on evaporation. It is indicated that dew is an important part of water resource which affects regional water balance in the jujube plantations in semi-arid Loess hilly-gully region and it should not be ignored.

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高志永,汪有科,汪星,周玉紅,趙英,郭旭新.黃土丘陵半干旱區(qū)棗林露水量研究[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2015,46(10):105-115. Gao Zhiyon, Wang Youke, Wang Xing, Zhou Yuhong, Zhao Ying, Guo Xuxin. Dew Amount of Jujube Plantation in Semi-arid Loess Hilly-gully Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):105-115.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-01-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-10-10
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