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不同積雪覆蓋條件下凍融土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51279031、51209039)、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(E201241)、教育部新世紀(jì)優(yōu)秀人才支持計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目、黑龍江省杰出青年基金資助項(xiàng)目(JC201402)和中國博士后科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2012T50321、2011M500632)


Soil Moisture Movement during Freezing-thawing Period under Different Snow Covers
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    摘要:

    積雪覆蓋作為中國北方高寒黑土區(qū)土壤凍融期最普遍的上邊界條件,直接影響土壤水分分布、遷移過程及土壤溫度、凍結(jié)深度、凍結(jié)速率等。通過野外試驗(yàn),對(duì)哈爾濱地區(qū)的季節(jié)性凍融黑土在裸地、自然積雪、壓實(shí)積雪、加厚積雪4種不同覆蓋條件下的土壤水分遷移規(guī)律進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)觀測。從時(shí)間、空間角度分析土壤含水率變化,結(jié)果表明:積雪厚度和密度都可以很大程度上影響積雪對(duì)土壤的保護(hù)作用,在僅考慮積雪自身沉降造成密度增大的情況下,積雪厚度越大保護(hù)效果越好,土壤含水率對(duì)氣溫變化的響應(yīng)及土壤解凍時(shí)間依次延后,延后程度隨土壤深度增加而增大;當(dāng)人為改變積雪密度時(shí),相較于單純?cè)黾臃e雪厚度,密度大的積雪可以更好地保護(hù)土壤,使氣溫對(duì)土壤的直接影響更小。當(dāng)遇到冬季降雪量較小的情況時(shí),可以考慮采用人為壓實(shí)積雪的方法,加強(qiáng)對(duì)土壤的保護(hù)作用。

    Abstract:

    Snow cover, as the most common upper boundary condition during freezing and thawing period in the cold region of northern China, directly affected the soil moisture distribution and movement, soil temperature and frozen depth, freezing rate, etc. In order to reveal the influence of snow on soil moisture movement, soil water and heat coupled transfer during freezing and thawing period was studied. Through field experiment, the soil moisture movement patterns of seasonal freezing-thawing black soil in Harbin were dynamically observed under the conditions of four different coverages: bare land, natural snow, compacted snow and thicken snow. The density and liquid water content of snow were measured by the Snow Fork, the liquid water content and total water content of soil were measured by time domain reflector and neutron moisture meter. From the perspectives of temporal and space change of soil moisture content, the results indicated that the thickness and density of snow can largely affect the protection of snow on soil, when only considering the subsidence of increased snow density, the greater the thickness of snow was, the better the protection was. The response of soil moisture content to temperature change and soil thawing time were delayed, the degree of delay was increased with soil depth increasing. Compared with increase of snow thickness, denser snow can protect the soil better, and the influence of temperature on soil was decreased. When winter snow was small, farmers can artificially compact it, which can strengthen the protection of soil.

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付強(qiáng),蔣睿奇,王子龍,李天霄,馬梓奡.不同積雪覆蓋條件下凍融土壤水分運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2015,46(10):152-159. Fu Qiang, Jiang Ruiqi, Wang Zilong, Li Tianxiao, Ma Ziao. Soil Moisture Movement during Freezing-thawing Period under Different Snow Covers[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):152-159.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-12-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-10-10
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