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膜下滴灌施肥番茄水肥供應(yīng)量的優(yōu)化研究
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國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100504)、延安大學(xué)博士啟動(dòng)基金項(xiàng)目(205040119)和中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2015M572659XB)


Optimal Amount of Irrigation and Fertilization under Drip Fertigation for Tomato
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    摘要:

    為揭示膜下滴灌施肥番茄對(duì)不同灌水量和施肥量的響應(yīng),基于2012—2013年田間隨機(jī)分塊試驗(yàn),采用Tukey HSD方差分析方法研究了不同水肥供應(yīng)對(duì)番茄生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響,進(jìn)一步采用多元回歸分析確定溫室番茄田間管理推薦的灌水量和施肥量。結(jié)果表明,在2012年,移植后23d,灌水量和施肥量對(duì)番茄株高影響極顯著,水肥交互作用對(duì)番茄株高影響顯著;在整個(gè)生育期,番茄莖粗與施肥量差異顯著;不同灌水處理之間平均葉片擴(kuò)展速率無(wú)顯著性差異,葉片擴(kuò)展速率對(duì)施肥處理的敏感性大于灌水處理;干物質(zhì)積累量與施肥量和灌水量均正相關(guān),施肥量對(duì)番茄干物質(zhì)積累量影響顯著,施肥對(duì)番茄干物質(zhì)積累量的影響大于灌水;灌水和施肥對(duì)番茄產(chǎn)量影響顯著,水肥交互作用對(duì)番茄產(chǎn)量影響極顯著,在2012年,W1(100%ET0)處理的番茄平均產(chǎn)量最大,比W2(75%ET0)、W3(50%ET0)處理分別高5.99%和13.54%,番茄果數(shù)與產(chǎn)量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,單果質(zhì)量與番茄產(chǎn)量無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系;灌水量對(duì)番茄水分利用效率的影響極顯著,作物耗水量與灌水量正相關(guān),與施肥量無(wú)顯著性關(guān)系,施肥〖JP2〗對(duì)作物耗水有促進(jìn)作用。根據(jù)2年田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,綜合考慮番茄產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,推薦番茄灌水量為151.12~207.76mm,施肥量為453.58~461.08kg/hm2,其中,氮肥用量為213.45~216.98kg/hm2,磷肥用量為106.72~108.49kg/hm2,鉀肥用量為133.41~135.61kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 to determine the effects of irrigation and fertilization on tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., cv. ‘Jinpeng 10’) growth, yield and water use 〖JP3〗efficiency. Three levels of irrigation (W1: 100%ET0; W2: 75%ET0; W3: 50%ET0) and three fertilization〖JP〗 levels (F1: N 240-P2O5 120-K2O 150 kg/hm2; F2: N 180-P2O5 90-K2O 1125 kg/hm2; F3: N 120-P2O5 60-K2O 75 kg/hm2) were combined with three replications of fertigation. There was no significant effect factor on plant height and stem diameter of the interaction of irrigation and fertilization, but the stem diameter was significantly higher at W1F1 treatment, and there was a positive correlation between fertilization rate and stem diameter. The F2 treatment had the highest leaf extension rate, while the fertilization rate had significant effect on leaf extension rate, and the sensitivity of the fertilization was greater than that of the irrigation treatment. There was an important impact of the fertilization rate on dry matter accumulation, but the irrigation level did not follow this trend. The influence of fertilization on dry matter accumulation was greater than that of irrigation. The interaction of irrigation and fertilization had significant effect on root shoot ratio, and the F2 treatment had the highest average root shoot ratio compared with F1 and F3 treatments. The single factors of irrigation or fertilization significantly affected the tomato yield and water use efficiency, and the interaction of fertilization and irrigation had a great significant effect on the yield. The average tomato yield in W1 was 5.99%, 13.54% higher than those in W2, W3 treatments in 2012. Tomato fruit number was positively related to tomato yield, but the single fruit weight had no correlation with fruit yield. The crop water consumption was positively related to irrigation amount, and there was no significant trend between fertilization rate and crop water consumption, while fertilization rate had an obvious promoting effect on crop water consumption. According to the field experimental and comprehensive consideration of tomato yield and water use efficiency, the recommended irrigation amount was ranged from 151.12mm to 207.76 mm, and 〖JP2〗fertilization rate was ranged from 453.58kg/hm2 to 461.08 kg/hm2(upper limit: 〖JP3〗N 21345-P2O5 10672-K2O 133.41 kg/hm2; lower limit: N 21698-P2O5 10849-K2O 135.61 kg/hm2).

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王秀康,邢英英,張富倉(cāng).膜下滴灌施肥番茄水肥供應(yīng)量的優(yōu)化研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):141-150. Wang Xiukang, Xing Yingying, Zhang Fucang. Optimal Amount of Irrigation and Fertilization under Drip Fertigation for Tomato[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):141-150.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-09-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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