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水文變異條件下水庫(kù)生態(tài)調(diào)度研究
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黑龍江省教育廳科研項(xiàng)目(11551044)和東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)水土工程創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目


Reservoir Ecological Operation under Condition of Hydrological Variability
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    摘要:

    為了降低水庫(kù)調(diào)度對(duì)河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響,針對(duì)尼爾基水庫(kù)的生態(tài)問(wèn)題,結(jié)合水文變異診斷系統(tǒng),制定了有效的生態(tài)調(diào)度方案。首先,利用水文變異診斷分析水文時(shí)間序列,確定人類(lèi)不同擾動(dòng)下的時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn),并考慮東北地區(qū)具有冰封期的特點(diǎn),推求了混合時(shí)間尺度下的天然、次天然及現(xiàn)狀生態(tài)徑流過(guò)程;其次,建立以最大發(fā)電量為目標(biāo)、多種生態(tài)徑流過(guò)程為約束的尼爾基水庫(kù)生態(tài)調(diào)度模型;最后,根據(jù)水量平衡方程生成初始種群,采用歸一化方法將變量約束至同一感知半徑內(nèi),利用螢火蟲(chóng)算法優(yōu)化5種約束條件下的調(diào)度過(guò)程。結(jié)果表明,在現(xiàn)有調(diào)度規(guī)則下,河流原有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)得不到有效的保護(hù),對(duì)于來(lái)水較多的年份棄水較多,水量得不到合理的利用;考慮水文變異的生態(tài)調(diào)度,可以在水量不足的年份以降低生態(tài)目標(biāo)的方式為決策者提供較低生態(tài)保證程度的調(diào)度方案,減輕對(duì)河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的破壞程度;水庫(kù)發(fā)電目標(biāo)與生態(tài)目標(biāo)間的矛盾在枯水期較為明顯,而在豐水期可以得到有效地緩解,需要決策者在不同時(shí)期做出科學(xué)的決策。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the effect of reservoir operation on river ecological system and solve the ecological problems of Nilki reservoir, an effective ecological scheduling scheme was developed combined with the hydrological variation diagnosis system. Firstly, the hydrological time series was analyzed by hydrological diagnosis method to determine the time node of different human disturbances. Meanwhile, considering the icebound season characteristics in Northeast China, the natural ecological, poor natural and current runoff processes under the mixed time scale were calculated. Secondly, the Nilki reservoir ecological scheduling model restrained by multiple ecological runoff process was established aiming at maximizing the power generation capacity. Finally, according to the water balance equation, the initial population was generated by normalized method to restrict the variables to the same perception radius, and the scheduling process under five kinds of constraints was optimized by firefly algorithm. The results showed that the original river ecological system was not protected effectively under the existed dispatching rules, water was not reasonably used in wet year. Considering the hydrological variation of the ecological scheduling, a low ecological assurance level scheduling scheme was provided for decision-makers by reducing ecological objectives in dry year to reduce the damage to the river ecosystem. The contradiction between hydropower generation and ecological objectives was more obvious in dry season, and it was effectively alleviated in wet season. Therefore, decision-makers need to make scientific decisions in different periods.

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徐淑琴,蘇鑫,王莉莉,路豪杰,景曉彤.水文變異條件下水庫(kù)生態(tài)調(diào)度研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(4):146-154,381. Xu Shuqin, Su Xin, Wang Lili, Lu Haojie, Jing Xiaotong. Reservoir Ecological Operation under Condition of Hydrological Variability[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):146-154,381.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-10-22
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2016-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-04-10