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土壤養(yǎng)分隨地表徑流流失機(jī)理與控制措施研究進(jìn)展
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51239009)


Review of Soil Nutrient Transport in Runoff and Its Controlling Measures
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    摘要:

    降雨條件下坡面土壤養(yǎng)分伴隨水土流失而流出田塊,不僅降低土壤肥力,而且引起水環(huán)境污染。從坡面養(yǎng)分遷移機(jī)理、數(shù)學(xué)模型模擬、控制措施3個(gè)方面對國內(nèi)外學(xué)者在坡面養(yǎng)分隨地表徑流遷移過程的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行回顧。坡面養(yǎng)分遷移機(jī)理研究主要包括降雨特征、土壤特性、坡面特征、化學(xué)物質(zhì)特征、耕作與施肥方式、地表覆蓋及管理控制措施等因子對坡面養(yǎng)分遷移的影響作用。數(shù)學(xué)模型主要包括經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)P?、基于物理過程的理論模型。物理基礎(chǔ)模型基本上是在假設(shè)養(yǎng)分傳遞內(nèi)在機(jī)制基礎(chǔ)上建立的,包括混合層理論、對流擴(kuò)散作用、雨滴擊濺作用、水流沖刷作用等。考慮到我國土壤侵蝕現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,坡面養(yǎng)分遷移過程受到土壤侵蝕作用的影響,因此針對防治土壤侵蝕而提出了一些相關(guān)的控制養(yǎng)分遷移的措施。同時(shí),對目前研究中存在的問題以及進(jìn)一步需要深入研究的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了說明。

    Abstract:

    With the impact of rainfall, soil nutrient transported along soil particles and water into surface runoff. It decreased soil fertility, polluted water resources in surface and ground, and then induced a series of ecological environmental problems, which attracted more attentions of researchers at home and abroad. The objectives of the study mainly focused on the development of both the mechanism and controlling measures of soil nutrient transport proposed by researchers all over the world. For the mechanism, the impact of different factors on soil nutrient transport was mainly discussed, and the empirical models and physical based mathematical models were also discussed. Besides, all mentioned physical based models were based on the inner mechanism of nutrient transfer, including the theory of mixing depth, convection and dispersion, the impact of raindrop and water scouring. For the controlling measures, methods protecting soil and nutrients from erosion and runoff were proposed with consideration of serious erosion phenomenon in China. Meanwhile, the existed problem and further study work were also discussed.

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王全九,楊婷,劉艷麗,趙光旭,張鵬宇.土壤養(yǎng)分隨地表徑流流失機(jī)理與控制措施研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(6):67-82. Wang Quanjiu, Yang Ting, Liu Yanli, Zhao Guangxu, Zhang Pengyu. Review of Soil Nutrient Transport in Runoff and Its Controlling Measures[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):67-82.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-02-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-06-10