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基于圖像矩的室內(nèi)噴霧機(jī)器人自動對靶研究
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高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點專項科研基金項目(20120008110046)和山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2012CQ026)


Automatic Target of Indoor Spray Robot Based on Image Moments
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    摘要:

    針對間距較大作物的精準(zhǔn)噴霧作業(yè)要求,提出了一種基于圖像矩的噴霧機(jī)器人自動對靶方法。該方法采用單目場景/單目(多目)手眼混合視覺結(jié)構(gòu)。場景相機(jī)用于作物目標(biāo)的預(yù)定位,研究了基于其圖像的作物形心三維定位算法。手眼相機(jī)用于目標(biāo)的跟蹤對靶,提出了一種基于圖像矩的視覺跟蹤方法,并就矩特征組選取、圖像雅可比矩陣計算以及目標(biāo)深度實時估算等問題進(jìn)行了研究。仿真結(jié)果表明,該視覺跟蹤方法能夠完成對靶任務(wù),且可達(dá)到較高的控制精度。為進(jìn)一步驗證所提自動對靶方法的可行性,搭建了具有一個噴霧機(jī)械臂的簡化樣機(jī)并進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)對靶實驗,實驗測得樣機(jī)移動速度在150~200mm/s時,噴頭X、Y、Z向定位誤差均小于等于6.5mm。

    Abstract:

    Automatic target is a key technology in the field of target spray robot. In order to meet the requirements of precision spraying operation for large spacing crops, an automatic target method based on visual feedback was proposed. A hybrid vision structure, including single scene camera and single (or multi) eye-in-hand camera was adopted. The scene camera mounted in the front of robot body was used to pre-locate target crop and estimate robot’s moving speed, and algorithm about location of target crop’s centroid and estimating of robot’s moving speed was studied. The eye-in-hand camera mounted at the end of spray mechanical arm with nozzle was used to track and aim at target crop. A visual tracking method which used image moments as image features was presented, and some important issues, such as moment features selection, image Jacobian calculation and real-time estimation of target depth were studied, and using real-time estimation of target depth would obtain better tracking trajectory than commonly used fixed depth in Cartesian space and image space. Simulation results showed that the visual tracking method can fulfill the target task and had high control precision. In order to further verify the feasibility of the automatic target method, a simplified prototype containing one spray mechanical arm was built and target experiments were carried out in laboratory. The results showed that the position error of nozzle in X, Y and Z directions was less than or equal to 6.5mm with vehicle speed of 150~200mm/s. This study can provide reference for the development of target spray robot.

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趙棟杰,張賓,王學(xué)雷,郭洪紅,徐松兵.基于圖像矩的室內(nèi)噴霧機(jī)器人自動對靶研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2016,47(12):22-29. Zhao Dongjie, Zhang Bin, Wang Xuelei, Guo Honghong, Xu Songbing. Automatic Target of Indoor Spray Robot Based on Image Moments[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):22-29.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-06-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-12-10
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