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電控玉米排種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)專項(201503136)和安徽省科技攻關(guān)項目(1501031104)


Design and Test of Electronic Control Seeding System for Maize
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    摘要:

    傳統(tǒng)精量玉米播種機(jī)作業(yè)時,排種器的動力由地輪提供,針對由于田間作業(yè)工況復(fù)雜導(dǎo)致地輪打滑而造成漏播率增加等問題,設(shè)計了電控玉米排種系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)在田間播種作業(yè)時,由雷達(dá)測速儀采集播種作業(yè)速度,結(jié)合所需粒距得到排種器理論轉(zhuǎn)速;通過編碼器采集排種器實時轉(zhuǎn)速,利用控制器控制策略,進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)速的最優(yōu)控制,從而得到目標(biāo)排種轉(zhuǎn)速,提高排種精度。田間試驗結(jié)果表明:應(yīng)用該電控排種系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行田間玉米播種作業(yè)時,排種合格指數(shù)平均值為92.40%,與傳統(tǒng)排種相比提高3.63個百分點;漏播指數(shù)平均值為4.82%,與傳統(tǒng)排種相比降低2.04個百分點;不同播種作業(yè)工況下粒距變異系數(shù)均小于4.20%,播種效果好。

    Abstract:

    When the traditional maize seeder works in the field, the power of seed metering device comes from ground steel. Aiming at the problem that the field conditions are so complicated that the ground steel will skid easily, then the miss index will be increased, an electronic maize sowing control system was designed. The police traffic radar collected the sowing operation speed when the sowing was started, then the control system will calculate the seed metering device rotational speed combined with the theoretical particle distance. The rotary encoder collected the seed metering device rotational speed, then the controller would process speed based on control strategy and obtained the last speed. The optimal process of control strategy can improve the accuracy. The results of the field test showed that when the electronic control seed metering device was working in the field, the average qualified index was 92.40%, which was increased by 3.63 percentage points compared with the traditional sowing. The average miss index was 4.82% and it was reduced by 2.04 percentage points compared with the traditional sowing. The variability of seedspaces was less than 4.20% and the sowing effects were much more than the national standard. When the speed of sowing was more than 10km/h, the effects was worse than other cases, therefore some improvement on the structure to improve the accuracy. The design of the electronic control maize seed metering device provided some definite reference for study of sowing control system. 

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張春嶺,吳榮,陳黎卿.電控玉米排種系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(2):51-59. ZHANG Chunling, WU Rong, CHEN Liqing. Design and Test of Electronic Control Seeding System for Maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):51-59.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-06-29
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-10
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