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添加過磷酸鈣的豬糞堆肥污染氣體減排工藝優(yōu)化
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0800600—01)和農(nóng)業(yè)部絨毛用羊產(chǎn)業(yè)體系生產(chǎn)與環(huán)境控制研究室糞污處理與利用項(xiàng)目


Process Optimization of Pollutant Gases Emission Reduction with Superphosphate Addition during Pig Manure Composting
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    摘要:

    過磷酸鈣作為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中常用肥料添加到堆肥中一方面能夠顯著降低堆肥過程中氨揮發(fā),減少甲烷、氧化亞氮等溫室氣體的排放,另一方面可以提高磷的生物有效性,對(duì)于降低堆肥環(huán)境污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高堆肥品質(zhì)具有重要意義。為研究不同工藝參數(shù)對(duì)堆肥污染氣體排放的影響,研究了添加過磷酸鈣條件下不同通風(fēng)率(0.12、0.24、0.36L/(kg·min))、含水率(55%、60%、65%)和碳氮比(15、18、21)對(duì)堆肥典型污染氣體CO2、CH4、NH3和N2O排放的影響。結(jié)果表明:含水率65%和通風(fēng)率0.36L/(kg·min)條件下會(huì)顯著降低過磷酸鈣的固氮效果,低通風(fēng)率更有利于減少NH3揮發(fā)控制氮素?fù)p失。過磷酸鈣能夠有效控制豬糞堆肥N2O的排放,低通風(fēng)率有利于堆肥高溫期N2O減排。過磷酸鈣對(duì)CH4的減排效果顯著,受工藝參數(shù)影響較小。不同工藝參數(shù)均不會(huì)影響添加過磷酸鈣堆肥達(dá)到穩(wěn)定和腐熟,從CO2、CH4、NH3和N2O總溫室效應(yīng)減排效果來看,含水率60%、通風(fēng)率0.12L/(kg·min)、碳氮比18是最優(yōu)堆肥工藝參數(shù)方案。

    Abstract:

    Superphosphate is used as additive to reduce ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during composting, while the availability of phosphorus can be increased. It is an effective way for environmental risk reduction and compost quality improvement. Based on different process parameters significantly influenced pollutant gases production, effects of different aeration rates (AR: 0.12L/(kg·min),0.24L/(kg·min),0.36L/(kg·min)), moisture contents (MC: 55%, 60%, 65%) and C/N ratios (15, 18, 21) on CO2, CH4, NH3 and N2O emissions during pig manure composting were studied with superphosphate addition (10% dry matter of initial raw material). The results showed that the nitrogen fixation capability of superphosphate was obviously reduced by AR of 0.36L/(kg·min), and AR of 0.12L/(kg·min) was the best for NH3 emission reduction. With superphosphate addition, it showed an effective control on N2O emission and significant reduction on CH4 production in all treatments. N2O production could be further decreased with AR of 0.12L/(kg·min) during thermophilic phase of pig manure composting. However, CH4 and N2O generations could be promoted with MC of 65%. All process parameters showed no negative effect on compost stability and maturity in 35d composting. During pig manure composting with superphosphate addition, the recommended parameters with the lowest greenhouse effect of CO2, CH4, NH3 and N2O were MC of 60%, AR of 0.12L/(kg·min) and C/N ratio of 18.

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吳娟,何勝洲,李國學(xué),李朝暉,包一凡,梁英.添加過磷酸鈣的豬糞堆肥污染氣體減排工藝優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(5):304-312. WU Juan, HE Shengzhou, LI Guoxue, LI Zhaohui, BAO Yifan, LIANG Ying. Process Optimization of Pollutant Gases Emission Reduction with Superphosphate Addition during Pig Manure Composting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):304-312.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-02-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-05-10
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