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豬場廢水灌溉對土壤氮素時空變化與氮平衡的影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0800703、2016YFD0800704)、中央級科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(FIRI2017-12)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51209209、51679241、51479201)


Effect of Piggery Wastewater Irrigation on Temporal-spatial Variation and Balance of Nitrogen
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    摘要:

    利用地中滲透儀測坑開展了田間灌溉試驗(yàn),研究了豬場廢水和等氮投入清水處理土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量在時間、剖面上的變化規(guī)律,根據(jù)氮平衡原理對不同處理氮輸入和氮輸出項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對比分析,估算了不同處理的氮礦化量。結(jié)果表明:各處理土壤銨態(tài)氮和硝態(tài)氮含量在時間上的變化規(guī)律基本一致,表現(xiàn)為追肥期出現(xiàn)峰值,隨后下降的趨勢;土壤銨態(tài)氮含量隨土層深度的增加而迅速下降,土壤硝態(tài)氮含量隨土層深度的增加變化規(guī)律不明顯,且易淋移至下層土壤并累積。PWH(豬場廢水高氮)處理土壤銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量在追肥期出現(xiàn)峰值后下降的幅度較慢,而CKH(清水高氮)處理下降的幅度較快。豬場廢水高氮處理PWH作物吸氮量及氮礦化量比等氮清水處理CKH分別高6.91%和21.29%,表明該處理有利于土壤有機(jī)氮的礦化,但同時硝態(tài)氮深層淋溶量也較大,比CKH 高出11.82%。

    Abstract:

    As an alternative water sources, piggery wastewater has attracted more and more attention. Study on piggery wastewater irrigation technology is essential for alleviating agricultural water resource deficit, reducing nitrogen fertilization and protecting eco-environment. Based on a field irrigation experiment in reinforced concrete lysimeters, the effects of piggery wastewater and clean water (equal nitrogen inputs) irrigation on soil NH+4-N and NO-3-N variations in time and profiles were studied. The inputs and outputs of nitrogen and the amount of nitrogen mineralization of different treatments were analyzed according to the principle of nitrogen balance. The results showed that the changes of soil ammonium nitrogen with time showed a similar trend to nitrate nitrogen, which had a peak in top-dressing stage at first, and then decreased. Ammonium nitrogen content was decreased with the increase of soil depth, but there was no significant difference in nitrate nitrogen. It can be easily leached and accumulated. Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were slightly decreased in PWH (piggery wastewater with high nitrogen) treatment after top-dressing stage, while the decrease range was more sharply in CKH (clean water and high nitrogen) treatment. PWH treatment was beneficial to the mineralization of organic nitrogen, and crop nitrogen uptake, nitrogen mineralization and nitrate nitrogen leaching amount in PWH treatment were higher than those in CKH treatment with values of 6.91%, 21.29% and 11.82%, respectively.

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杜臻杰,齊學(xué)斌,李平,黃仲冬,高青,胡艷玲.豬場廢水灌溉對土壤氮素時空變化與氮平衡的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(8):262-269. DU Zhenjie, QI Xuebin, LI Ping, HUANG Zhongdong, GAO Qing, HU Yanling. Effect of Piggery Wastewater Irrigation on Temporal-spatial Variation and Balance of Nitrogen[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):262-269.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-08-10
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