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緩解奶牛熱應(yīng)激的噴淋水滴粒徑研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31402115)、國家奶牛產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-37)、中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2015SYL001)和國家級(jí)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新性計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(201610019072)


Investigation on Spraying Droplet Diameter for Alleviating Heat Stress of Cows
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    摘要:

    為探討夏季緩解奶牛熱應(yīng)激噴淋水滴粒徑對(duì)降溫效果的影響,通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試了3種平均噴淋水滴粒徑(0.829、0.947、1.127mm)緩解奶牛熱應(yīng)激效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)中利用熱像儀采集奶牛體表溫度,同時(shí)測(cè)定呼吸頻率、直腸溫度生理指標(biāo),并在此基礎(chǔ)上利用Merkel焓差理論分析計(jì)算奶牛噴淋降溫?fù)Q熱量。結(jié)果表明,噴淋過程中,3種粒徑(0.829、0.947、1.127mm)在奶牛脖頸區(qū)域平均降溫為0.7、1.1、0.9℃,腹部區(qū)域平均降溫為0.7、1.4、1.5℃,平均呼吸頻率分別降低0.6、4.2、2.1次/min;噴淋結(jié)束后,3種粒徑在奶牛脖頸區(qū)域平均降溫為0.2、0.4、0.6℃,腹部區(qū)域平均降溫為0.1、0.5、0.6℃,平均呼吸頻率降低-0.4、1.4、1.2次/min。噴淋前后奶牛直腸溫度均控制在穩(wěn)定范圍內(nèi),且平均噴淋水滴粒徑0.947mm和1.127mm低于0.829mm時(shí)的奶牛平均直腸溫度。3種平均噴淋水滴粒徑對(duì)應(yīng)的奶牛單位時(shí)間換熱量分別為417.4、469.9、430.4W,其中0.947mm平均噴淋水滴粒徑下?lián)Q熱量最大。因此,平均噴淋水滴粒徑0.947mm更適用于夏季奶牛噴淋降溫。

    Abstract:

    The effect of relieving heat stress of cows was verified by three kinds of average spraying droplet diameter (SDD) (0.829mm,0.947mm and 1.127mm) through field test. In the test, the body surface temperature of dairy cow was collected by thermal imager;the respiratory rate and physiological index of rectal temperature were measured at the same time. Based on this, the theory of enthalpy difference of Merkel was used to calculate the heat transfer of spraying cooling. The results showed that during the process of spraying, for three kinds of SDD (0.829mm,0.947mm and 1.127mm), the average reductions of temperature were 0.7℃, 1.1℃ and 0.9℃ in the region of neck;in the region of abdominal, the average reductions of temperature were 0.7℃,1.4℃ and 1.5℃, respectively;and the average respiratory rates were decreased by 0.6, 4.2 and 2.1 times per minute, respectively. After spraying, for three kinds of SDD, the average reductions of temperature were 0.2℃, 0.4℃ and 0.6℃ in the region of neck;in the region of abdominal, the average reductions of temperature were 0.1℃, 0.5℃ and 0.6℃, respectively, and the average respiratory rates were decreased by -0.4, 1.4 and 1.2 times per minute, respectively. The rectal temperature was controlled within the stable range before and after spraying. The average rectal temperatures under SDD of 0.947mm and 1.127mm were lower than that under SDD of 0.829mm. Under three kinds of SDD, the heat exchanges of cows in unit time were 417.4W, 469.9W and 430.4W, respectively, which showed that heat exchange reached the maximum under SDD of 0.947mm. In summary, the SDD of 0.947mm was more suitable for the cooling of dairy cows in summer.

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丁濤,孫寶璽,施正香,王宗倫,姚春霞,張馳也.緩解奶牛熱應(yīng)激的噴淋水滴粒徑研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(9):264-269. DING Tao, SUN Baoxi, SHI Zhengxiang, WANG Zonglun, YAO Chunxia, ZHANG Chiye. Investigation on Spraying Droplet Diameter for Alleviating Heat Stress of Cows[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):264-269.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-01-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-09-10
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