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基于跟蹤誤差模型的無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛預(yù)測(cè)控制方法
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航天支撐技術(shù)基金項(xiàng)目(E20130116)


Predictive Control Method of Autonomous Vehicle Based on Tracking-error Model
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛的軌跡跟蹤問(wèn)題,在分析車(chē)輛運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于模型預(yù)測(cè)控制理論的軌跡跟蹤控制方法。首先,將車(chē)輛運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行線(xiàn)性化處理,得到車(chē)輛運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)線(xiàn)性跟蹤誤差模型,該模型可以用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)車(chē)輛的未來(lái)行為。其次,利用此跟蹤誤差模型作為預(yù)測(cè)模型,應(yīng)用線(xiàn)性模型預(yù)測(cè)控制方法,通過(guò)優(yōu)化得到使性能指標(biāo)最小的控制序列,將控制序列的第一步作用于系統(tǒng)。最后,建立了3種典型的道路試驗(yàn)曲線(xiàn),并且在基于實(shí)時(shí)多體動(dòng)力學(xué)軟件Vortex搭建的虛擬仿真平臺(tái)中對(duì)軌跡跟蹤控制器進(jìn)行了仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明,該控制器可以保證無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛快速且穩(wěn)定地跟蹤參考軌跡,距離偏差和方位偏差都在合理的范圍內(nèi),且實(shí)時(shí)性可以達(dá)到要求。

    Abstract:

    For the trajectory tracking problem of autonomous vehicle, on the basis of analysis of kinematic model of vehicle, a model based predictive control method for autonomous vehicle trajectory tracking was designed. Firstly, a linear error model of vehicle kinematics was obtained by using a successive linearization approach, and it was used to predict the future behavior of the vehicle. Secondly, based on this model, it was possible to get a sequence of optimal control by using the linear MPC method and minimizing the objective function, and the first element of this sequence was applied to the system. Lastly, three typical test trajectories (lane change course, figure eight course and road course) were designed and the tracking controller was tested in the virtual simulation platform. The platform was set up on real-time multi-body dynamics software Vortex and visual rendering software Vega Prime. In order to meet the real-time requirements of the platform, two computers were used for dynamic resolving and visual rendering respectively, and the high level architecture (HLA) was adopted to realize the synchronization and data interaction between Vortex and Vega Prime. Simulation results showed that this controller can track the reference trajectory quickly and stably, the distance error and heading error were in a reasonable range. The refresh rate of Vortex and Vega Prime was stabilized at about 30Hz, the error was within ±0.05Hz, indicating that the controller can meet the real-time requirements of the system.

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李培新,姜小燕,魏燕定,周曉軍.基于跟蹤誤差模型的無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)輛預(yù)測(cè)控制方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(10):351-357. LI Peixin, JIANG Xiaoyan, WEI Yanding, ZHOU Xiaojun. Predictive Control Method of Autonomous Vehicle Based on Tracking-error Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):351-357.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-01-17
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2017-10-10
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