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基于張量理論的數(shù)控機床誤差補償模型
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國家科技重大專項(2012ZX04005-031)


Error Compensation Model of CNC Machine-tool Based on Tensor Theory
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    摘要:

    為了進一步提高數(shù)控機床多體運動學(xué)誤差模型的精度,提出了基于張量理論的機床誤差補償模型。首先面向數(shù)控系統(tǒng)列表插值補償方式,提出了應(yīng)用張量理論設(shè)定基礎(chǔ)階、擴展階和誤差階來建立機床誤差張量模型。然后,提出了采用設(shè)定機床信息、建立張量模型及設(shè)定檢測參數(shù)3個流程實施誤差補償,并通過多元回歸分析提出了采用4階多項式擬合機床空間誤差。最后,以某重型車銑復(fù)合機床實驗為例,提出了分軸步進對角線法下的張量誤差模型,采用球桿儀進行了圓度誤差檢測實驗,結(jié)果表明該方法能夠有效地提高機床精度,比多體運動學(xué)誤差模型的補償效果更優(yōu)。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the geometric accuracy of high-end CNC machine tools, a machine tool error compensation model based on tensor theory was proposed. Firstly, the error tensor model was established by setting the basic order, the extended order and the error order, which was applicable for error compensation table. Secondly, the error compensation was carried out in three processes, which were setting machine tool information, establishing tensor model and setting detection parameter. Referring to the ISO 230-2 standard, the modeling flow and detection parameters of the error tensor model were presented. Using multiple regression analysis, the linear fitting and residual errors were 2.5μm, while the four polynomial fit residuals were 1μm. Finally, taking CNC turn-milling machine experiment as an example, the error tensor model by step-diagonal measurement was proposed. The analysis of experimental data showed that the pitch error by three order fitting can improve the fitting precision by 59.4%~92.5%, the sum of squared residuals was less than 0.00003;the straightness error needed five order fitting for nonlinear characteristics. The ballbar experiment of roundness error showed that roundness error was increased by 12.2%~27.7%, while only compensated the pitch error. For example, the compensation using error tensor model can be reduced by 22.3% of roundness error at XY plane by three order fitting, which was optimized by 26.4%~95.5% compared with that of the linear interpolation. The experiment showed that the error compensation should be paid more attention to the straightness error. The method of error tensor model can effectively improve the accuracy of machine tools for both pitch error and straightness error.

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褚寧,張為民.基于張量理論的數(shù)控機床誤差補償模型[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(10):408-416. CHU Ning, ZHANG Weimin. Error Compensation Model of CNC Machine-tool Based on Tensor Theory[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):408-416.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-06-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-10-10
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