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基于處方圖的壟作玉米四要素變量施肥機(jī)作業(yè)效果評價
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200600-2016YFD0200605)、農(nóng)業(yè)部948項(xiàng)目(2016-X26)和山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2016CYJS03A01-1)


Evaluation of Four-element Variable Rate Application of Fertilization Based on Maps
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    摘要:

    為了進(jìn)一步提高肥料利用率,解決黑龍江墾區(qū)壟作玉米施肥作業(yè)過程中由于顆粒肥密度不同而造成的肥料分層問題,基于沃爾2BJM施肥機(jī),設(shè)計了一套適合壟作玉米四要素變量施肥的控制系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)集成了亞米級差分GNSS裝置,采用電液比例控制技術(shù)分別控制4路排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速。系統(tǒng)根據(jù)用戶設(shè)置的目標(biāo)施肥量,實(shí)時計算液壓馬達(dá)的目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速,并同步向肥料控制器發(fā)送轉(zhuǎn)速指令??刂破魍ㄟ^光電編碼器反饋的馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)速信號,調(diào)節(jié)比例閥開度,一次完成氮肥、磷肥、鉀肥和微肥4種單質(zhì)肥同步變量施用。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,各路施肥管誤差均小于3.00%,變異系數(shù)均小于0.05;與傳統(tǒng)施肥機(jī)同期作業(yè)效果對比表明,玉米株高、葉干質(zhì)量、地上生物量以及SPAD值與傳統(tǒng)施肥區(qū)并無明顯差異,但變量施肥減小了田塊中玉米株高、葉干質(zhì)量、地上生物量以及SPAD的空間差異性。尿素施用量由217kg/hm2減少到了150kg/hm2,減少了30.88%;二胺由232kg/hm2減少到了200kg/hm2,減少了13.79%;鉀肥由原來的79kg/hm2增加到了108kg/hm2,增加了36.70%。肥料的投入成本減少了160元/hm2,變量施肥測產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)為12200kg/hm2,產(chǎn)量增加了217kg/hm2,較傳統(tǒng)施肥區(qū)增產(chǎn)1.78%,收入增加508元/hm2。綜合考慮系統(tǒng)誤差、玉米生長指標(biāo)和最終產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù),基于處方圖的壟作玉米四要素變量施肥機(jī)滿足黑龍江墾區(qū)玉米施肥作業(yè)實(shí)際要求,有效解決了肥料分層問題,顯著提高了肥料利用率。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the fertilizer layered problem caused by the different density of mixed pellet fertilizer in Heilongjiang province, a four-element variable rate fertilization control system was developed based on 2BJM fertilizer machinery. According to the four different speeds of fertilizer feed shafts,the control system could work on either setting value or fertilizer maps condition by electro-hydraulic proportional control technology. It also integrated a submeter-scale differential GNSS device. The system could calculate the target speed of the hydraulic motor in real time according to the target value, and send the speed instruction to the fertilizer controller synchronously. Once the system received motor speed signal, the opening of proportional valve could be adjusted automatically. And then the four-element synchronization variable fertilization (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrient fertilizer) could be carried out. The results of field experiment showed that the errors of the fertilizer tubes were less than 3.0%, and the variation coefficient was less than 0.05. Compared with the traditional machinery area, though the maize growth indexes of height, weight, aboveground biomass and SPAD did not increase significantly, all of these variable coefficients reduced obviously. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization contents reduced from 217kg/hm2, 232kg/hm2 to 150kg/hm2, 200kg/hm2 respectively. The potassium fertilization content increased from 79kg/hm2 to 108kg/hm2. The final yield data was 12200kg/hm2, increasing by 1.81%. All the experiments showed that the four-element variable rate fertilization control system could solve the fertilizer layered problem and satisfy the need in practice.

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安曉飛,付衛(wèi)強(qiáng),魏學(xué)禮,叢岳,王培.基于處方圖的壟作玉米四要素變量施肥機(jī)作業(yè)效果評價[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(s1):66-70. AN Xiaofei, FU Weiqiang, WEI Xueli, CONG Yue, WANG Pei. Evaluation of Four-element Variable Rate Application of Fertilization Based on Maps[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(s1):66-70.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-07-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-12-10
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