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基于引力搜索算法的植保無人機三維路徑規(guī)劃方法
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201303011)、國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系建設專項(CARS-04-PS22)和東農(nóng)學者計劃青年才俊項目(17QC33)


3D Path Planning Approach Based on Gravitational Search Algorithm for Sprayer UAV
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    摘要:

    為了使植保無人機作業(yè)更加精準、高效與節(jié)能,研究了一種適用于三維地形的植保無人機路徑規(guī)劃方法。根據(jù)農(nóng)田的規(guī)模、形狀、高度起伏等地理環(huán)境信息,對其進行柵格化處理,建立三維環(huán)境模型;在此環(huán)境模型條件下,為無人機增加直行與回轉機制,實現(xiàn)全覆蓋路徑仿真;通過提取仿真計算中每次植保作業(yè)飛行距離作為輸入變量、非植保作業(yè)耗費時間作為輸出函數(shù),從而構建尋優(yōu)模型;對尋優(yōu)模型引入引力搜索算法,以輸出函數(shù)最小為目標,對輸入變量進行尋優(yōu),再通過仿真計算求出優(yōu)化后的返航點位置。實例結果顯示,在二維投影形狀與尺寸相同的田地中,二維與三維路徑規(guī)劃方法之間的返航點位置存在偏差,證明了本文方法的必要性;在三維地形算例中,運用本文方法規(guī)劃后的往返飛行距離總和與非植保作業(yè)時間分別為440.2m與9min,相比于未規(guī)劃情況分別減少了90%與54%,相比于簡單規(guī)劃結果分別減少了23%與7%。在實際測試過程中,相比于未規(guī)劃情況,規(guī)劃后的路徑飛行距離總和與非植保作業(yè)時間分別減少了11%和5%,驗證了本文方法的合理性與可行性。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the field efficiency and reduce the operation cost, a research was conducted on the path planning method for the sprayer UAV in the field with 3D terrain. Firstly, aiming at building a 3D environment model, the grid method was selected to divide the field into small grids with the initialized properties. Secondly, the UAV was ordered to move from the current grid to the adjacent one with the highest probability. And therefore a coverage path which moved from one extreme of the field to the other in direction parallel to the crop rows alternately and turned at the boundary was identified. Thirdly, a mathematical model was established, of which the objective was to obtain the optimal return points with the minimum time in the non-spraying mode. Once the gravitational search algorithm was applied to solve the model, the planned path with return points would be outputted automatically by the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed method was compared with the method for 2D terrain in a 700m×100m field, of which the result showed that there was deviation between the positions of the return points calculated by the different methods. And the same field was taken to test the performance of the proposed method, in which the proposed method was compared with simple path plan method and unplanned path respectively. Results showed that the advantages of the proposed method at the distance of the round trips was reduced by 23% and 90%, while the non-spraying time was reduced by 7% and 54%, respectively. After that, the proposed method was applied to a real field with 3D terrain. And the distance of the round trips and the non-spraying time were reduced by 11% and 5%, respectively in the experiment. Finally, the research result indicated that the proposed method was a reasonable, feasible and useful alternative to produce paths with less time for the sprayer UAV.

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王宇,陳海濤,李海川.基于引力搜索算法的植保無人機三維路徑規(guī)劃方法[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(2):28-33,21. WANG Yu, CHEN Haitao, LI Haichuan.3D Path Planning Approach Based on Gravitational Search Algorithm for Sprayer UAV[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):28-33,21.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-06-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-02-10
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