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玉米播種單體下壓力控制系統(tǒng)設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700700、2017YFD0700701)和黑龍江省農墾總局科技計劃項目(HNK 135-06-05)


Design and Test of Maize Seeding Unit Downforce Control System
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    摘要:

    針對機械式仿形壓力調節(jié)機構的不足,開展了基于力反饋的播種深度一致性控制方法研究,研制了播種單體下壓力控制系統(tǒng)。本系統(tǒng)由安裝在播種單體平行四連桿仿形機構上的下壓液壓缸、電液減壓閥、下壓力感知傳感器,以及控制器、車載計算機組成。在播種作業(yè)過程中,控制器實時采集力傳感器信息,與設定的下壓力閾值相比較,計算并輸出控制量到液壓閥組驅動液壓缸實時調整平行四連桿仿形機構,使限深輪與地表的壓力值在設定的閾值區(qū)間內,從而保證播種深度的一致性。田間試驗結果表明,在播種深度判定標準為(5.0±1.0)cm時,下壓力機械調節(jié)方式和下壓力電控調節(jié)方式下的播種深度合格率均值分別為77.04%和90.37%,下壓力電控調節(jié)方式下的播種深度合格率均值比機械調節(jié)方式高13.33個百分點。將播種深度判定標準提高至(5.0±0.5)cm后,對應播種深度合格率分別為31.11%和56.30%,下壓力控制裝置的播種深度合格率比機械調節(jié)方式高25.19個百分點??梢姡聣毫﹄娍叵到y(tǒng)能保持種子播種深度的穩(wěn)定性,提高了種子深度一致性。

    Abstract:

    In view of the deficiency of traditional method of controlling the consistency of maize seeding depth, the method for controlling the consistency of seeding depth based on the force feedback was carried out and the downforce control system for maize seeding unit was developed. The system consisted of hydraulic cylinder mounted on the parallel four bar linkage profiling mechanism in a seeding unit, hydraulic system, downforce sensor, controller and vehicle computer. According to the force sensor information and the downforce threshold, the controller calculated and output the control value to hydraulic valves. The hydraulic cylinder was drived by valves to adjust parallel four connecting rod profiling mechanism to make the depth wheels and the surface pressure within the set threshold interval, so as to ensure the consistency of seeding depth. The field tests showed that the average quality rate of seeding depth of mechanical control of downforce and electric control downforce were 77.04% and 90.37%, respectively, while the seeding depth criterion was (5.0±1.0)cm, and the average quality rate of sowing depth of electric control downforce was 13.33 percentage points higher than that of mechanical control. Nevertheless, when the seeding depth criterion was (5.0±0.5)cm, the corresponding seeding depth quality rate were 31.11% and 56.30%, respectively, and the average quality rate of sowing depth of electric control downforce was 25.19 percentage points higher than that of mechanical control. The test results showed that the downforce control system can greatly maintain seeding depth stability and improve seed depth uniformity.

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付衛(wèi)強,董建軍,梅鶴波,高娜娜,盧彩云,張俊雄.玉米播種單體下壓力控制系統(tǒng)設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(6):68-77. FU Weiqiang, DONG Jianjun, MEI Hebo, GAO Na’na, LU Caiyun, ZHANG Junxiong. Design and Test of Maize Seeding Unit Downforce Control System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):68-77.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-03-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-06-10
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