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自動移栽機整排取苗間隔投苗控制系統設計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51475216)、“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃項目(2013BAD08B03)、江蘇省科技支撐計劃項目(BE2017303)、江蘇省農業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項目(CX(16)1022)和江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學科建設工程項目(蘇財教(2014)37號)


Design and Experiment of Control System for Automatic Transplanter Picking up and Spacing Casting Whole Row of Seedlings
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    摘要:

    針對自動移栽機取苗控制精度、協調配合等問題,結合自主設計的自動移栽機取苗、投苗及分苗系統結構及其工作原理,基于可編程控制器PLC設計了一種整排取苗間隔投苗控制系統。該控制系統采用3個行程開關I1、I2、I3檢測翻轉取苗狀態(tài),實現取苗爪針在插入苗缽過程中逐漸收縮的過程,減少了對缽體內部的損傷;運用光電傳感器感應分苗杯位置和數量,以增量式編碼器獲取分苗杯運動位移,通過兩者配合完成苗缽在最佳投苗點投苗;選用72孔和128孔穴盤、20d苗齡的黃瓜苗進行取苗、投苗栽植試驗,檢測控制系統性能。試驗結果表明:在栽植頻率40~70 株/min 范圍內,兩種穴盤苗的取苗投苗綜合成功率均高于95%,平均值為97.98%,隨著栽植頻率的增加,取苗投苗綜合成功率有所下降,但變化不大,證明設計的控制系統能適用不同規(guī)格苗盤、不同栽植頻率下的自動移栽,達到高效自動移栽目的。

    Abstract:

    Based on programmable controller PLC, a kind of control system that can pick up a row of tray seedlings and alternately cast tray seedlings was designed, it can be used for self-designed automatic transplanting machine and solving the problem of high precision and difficult coordination of the automatic transplanting machine. In order to reduce the inner damage of seedlings, the control system detects the status of picking process by three travel switches I1, I2 and I3 to make the picking seedling claws gradually stretching in inserting process. Using the photoelectric sensor to detect the position and quantity of seedling cups, and obtain its motion displacement by incremental encoder, therefore, the seedling pot was shot at the best casting place by their combination. Using 20 d cucumber seedlings in 72-holes and 128-holes seedling trays respectively, the experiments were conducted to test picking and casting performance of the control system. The results showed that if the planting frequency was between 40 and 70 plants per minute, the success rate of picking and casting was more than 95%, with average value of 97.98%. As the increase of planting frequency, the success rate dropped but changed a little, which proved that the autonomous designed control system can be used in different seedling trays and planting frequencies, achieving the goal of high-efficiency transplanting.

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胡建平,常航,楊麗紅,韓綠化,毛罕平,張思偉.自動移栽機整排取苗間隔投苗控制系統設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(6):78-84. HU Jianping, CHANG Hang, YANG Lihong, HAN Lühua, MAO Hanping, ZHANG Siwei. Design and Experiment of Control System for Automatic Transplanter Picking up and Spacing Casting Whole Row of Seedlings[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):78-84.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-10-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-06-10
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