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振動式水稻精密播種裝置機理分析與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700802)、國家自然科學基金項目(51675188)和現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項資金項目(CARS-01-43)


Theory and Experiment on Vibrating Small-amount Rice Sowing Device
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    摘要:

    為提高振動式水稻精密播種裝置的播種性能,分別對其定量供種機構(gòu)和振動勻種機構(gòu)的工作機理進行了分析與試驗研究。利用離散元軟件EDEM模擬了定量供種機構(gòu)在有無振動作用下的供種過程。通過對比分析可知種箱振動板周期性的小幅振動可緩解種子的漏斗流動,促進擴散流動,同時使排種輪充填區(qū)的種子分布狀態(tài)更加“蓬松”,提高了供種頻率,實現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)定定量供種。通過模擬試驗探究振動勻種機構(gòu)不同種槽板對種子的流速和裝置播種性能的影響,優(yōu)選出V-90°、V-105°、V-120°和U1型4組種槽板,為裝置優(yōu)化試驗提供了參考,減少了后續(xù)試驗次數(shù)。分別進行常規(guī)稻供種和雜交稻低播量供種試驗,得到了種箱振動板振動使排種輪供種頻率提高3.64%和5.52%,驗證了定量供種機構(gòu)仿真研究結(jié)果具有較高的準確性。進行不同種槽板、播量和氣壓全因素播種性能試驗,得到播種效果最佳的種槽板為V-120°種槽板,在40g/盤雜交稻低播量播種時使用0.26MPa氣壓播種,合格指數(shù)為93.91%,空穴指數(shù)為0.94%;80g/盤常規(guī)稻播種時使用0.28MPa氣壓播種,合格指數(shù)為96.10%,空穴指數(shù)為0,滿足雜交稻和常規(guī)稻種子育秧播種的技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the sowing performance of vibrating small-amount rice sowing device, theoretical analysis and experimental research on the mechanism of the quantitative-seeds feeding mechanism and the vibration uniform-seeds mechanism were carried out respectively. Discrete elemental software EDEM was used to simulate the feeding process of quantitative-seeds feeding mechanism with or without vibration. Through the comparative analysis of the simulation process of the quantitative-seeds feeding mechanism, the periodic small amplitude vibrations of seed box vibrating plate could alleviate the rice seeds funnel flow and promote the diffusion flow, meanwhile made the distribution state of the seeds in the seed roller fluffier. The simulation results of the quantitative-seeds feeding test showed that the vibrating effect of the seed box vibrating plate could increase the seed frequency, and realize the quantitative and stable seeds feeding performance. The simulation experiment of seeding performance of nine kinds of grooved plates was carried out to study the effect of different kinds of grooved plates on the seeds flow velocity and sowing effect. The simulation results of sowing performance experiment showed that with the increase of the grooved plate’s angle, the flow velocity of seeds on the grooved plate was gradually decreased and tended to be stable. The V-90°, V-105°, V-120° and U1-shaped grooved plates were optimized to provide reference for the vibration uniform-seeds mechanism optimization test, and reduced the number of subsequent tests. Through the sowing performance tests, it was obtained that the best sowing performance was using the V-120° grooved, and the qualified index was 93.91% while hole index was 0.94% when sowing hybrid rice with 0.26MPa air pressure. The qualified index was 96.10% and the hole index was 0 when sowing conventional rice with 0.28MPa. The research provided a research basis for the research and development of rice precision sowing device.

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鹿芳媛,馬旭,齊龍,邢緒坡,李宏偉,郭林杰.振動式水稻精密播種裝置機理分析與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(6):119-128, 214. LU Fangyuan, MA Xu, QI Long, XING Xupo, LI Hongwei, GUO Linjie. Theory and Experiment on Vibrating Small-amount Rice Sowing Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):119-128, 214.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-06-10
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