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振搖枸杞采收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701501)


Design and Experiment of Vibrating Wolfberry Harvester
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    摘要:

    目前我國(guó)枸杞采收仍然以人工采收為主,但人工采收存在效率低、成本高等問題。為此,根據(jù)枸杞掛果枝條的生長(zhǎng)特性,分析了枸杞果實(shí)果柄機(jī)械分離的條件,建立了果實(shí)脫落的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,設(shè)計(jì)了一種振搖枸杞采收機(jī),并通過求解模型得出影響果實(shí)脫落的3個(gè)參數(shù):振搖頻率、振幅和指排間距。利用ADAMS對(duì)簡(jiǎn)化后的模型進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析,通過檢測(cè)果實(shí)果柄慣性力的變化,確定了參數(shù)的取值范圍。將采凈率、采青率和損傷率作為采收效果評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),設(shè)置不同的參數(shù)進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn),得出最佳參數(shù)組合為:振搖頻率12Hz、振幅40mm和指排間距100mm,在該條件下振搖枸杞采收機(jī)的采凈率為93.52%,采青率為5.72%,損傷率為2.54%,滿足對(duì)枸杞采收的質(zhì)量要求,采收效率為485g/min,是人工采摘效率的5.5倍

    Abstract:

    Chinese wolfberry is an excellent tonic, it has very good nourishing and treatment effect. Recent years, more and more people are beginning to recognize the value of wolfberry and the demand of wolfberry is increasing. At present, the main collection mode of Chinese wolfberry is still artificial picking, but the efficiency of artificial picking is low and the cost is high. Except for artificial picking, there are mainly two types of mechanical harvesting: comb type and vibration type. Through literature research, it was found that vibration type is more efficient and lower cost. Therefore, according to the growth characteristics of fruiting branches of Chinese wolfberry, the wolfberry fruit shedding condition was analyzed, the kinematic model of fruit abscission was established and a vibrating wolfberry harvester was designed. The parameters of device that affected the falling of fruit were vibration frequency, amplitude and finger spacing by solving the model through ADAMS. Then the orthogonal experiment was done by different vibration frequencies, different amplitudes and different finger spacings. The optimum combination of structural parameters was as follows: vibration frequency of 12Hz, amplitude of 40mm and finger spacing of 100mm. Under this condition, the harvesting rate of ripe wolfberry was 93.52%, the harvesting rate of unripe wolfberry was 5.72%, and the damage rate of ripe wolfberry was 2.54%, the harvesting efficiency was 485g/min and the harvesting efficiency of vibrating wolfberry harvester was about 5.5 times of artificial picking efficiency. Thus the vibrating wolfberry harvester can meet the quality requirements of farmers.

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張文強(qiáng),張明明,張俊雄,李偉.振搖枸杞采收機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(7):97-102. ZHANG Wenqiang, ZHANG Mingming, ZHANG Junxiong, LI Wei. Design and Experiment of Vibrating Wolfberry Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):97-102.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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