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1959—2015年黑龍江省玉米需水量時(shí)空分布特征
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAD12B01)


Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Maize Water Requirement in Heilongjiang Province during 1959—2015
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    基于黑龍江省26個(gè)氣象站1959—2015年的逐日氣象數(shù)據(jù)和14個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)氣象觀測站的1991—2008年玉米生育期觀測資料,利用單作物系數(shù)法和Arcmap的空間分析功能計(jì)算并繪制了玉米生育期內(nèi)各月有效降雨量(Effective precipitation)、需水量(Crop water requirement)和灌溉需水量(Irrigation requirement)及三者氣候傾向率的分布圖,揭示了黑龍江省玉米水分供需的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:黑龍江省玉米生育期有效降雨量平均值為302mm,高值區(qū)位于中部地區(qū),5—6月呈增長趨勢,7—9月呈下降趨勢;需水量平均值為383mm,自西向東總體呈先減小后增大的分布趨勢,除9月外,全生育期及各月需水量均呈減小趨勢;灌溉需水量平均值為153mm,其分布與需水量分布相似,西部地區(qū)灌溉需水量較大,5、7月呈減小趨勢,而8、9月呈大幅增加趨勢,應(yīng)在7、8月適時(shí)補(bǔ)充灌溉,保障玉米產(chǎn)量。本研究可為黑龍江省玉米種植區(qū)灌溉水資源分配和灌溉制度制定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Distribution maps of effective precipitation (Pe), crop water requirement (ETc), irrigation requirement (Ir) and their climatic tendencies during maize growth period were calculated and drawn by single crop coefficient method Arcmap spatial analysis based on daily meteorological data in 1959—2015 of 26 meteorological stations and maize growth observation data in 1991—2008 of 14 agrometeorological stations in Heilongjiang Province. The spatial and temporal distribution of maize water supply and demand in Heilongjiang Province was revealed. The result showed that the average value of Pe in Heilongjiang Province during maize growth period was 302mm, and the high value area was located in the central area, it showed an increasing trend in May and June, a decreasing trend from July to October. The average ETc was 383mm, and it was decreased first, and then increased from west to east, ETc during the whole growth period and each month showed a increasing trend except September. The average Ir was 153mm, and its spatial distribution was similar to that of ETc, Ir in the western area was larger, it decreased in May and July, and increased greatly in August and September. Irrigation should be supplemented in time in July and August to ensure maize yield. The research result provided a scientific basis for the allocation of irrigation water resource and the formulation of irrigation practice in maize planting area of Heilongjiang Province.

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聶堂哲,張忠學(xué),林彥宇,陳鵬,孫仲益.1959—2015年黑龍江省玉米需水量時(shí)空分布特征[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(7):217-227. NIE Tangzhe, ZHANG Zhongxue, LIN Yanyu, CHEN Peng, SUN Zhongyi. Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Maize Water Requirement in Heilongjiang Province during 1959—2015[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):217-227.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-01-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-07-10
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