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葉生態(tài)特征及其相關(guān)性對下墊面熱效應的生態(tài)權(quán)衡
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林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項(20140430102)


Ecological Balance of Leaf Ecological Characteristics and Their Correlation to Thermal Effects of Underlying Surfaces
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    摘要:

    為研究植物葉性狀及其相關(guān)關(guān)系對城市下墊面熱效應的響應及其生態(tài)權(quán)衡策略,以生長在6種典型城市下墊面(瀝青、水泥、荷蘭磚、大理石、嵌草磚和自然地表)環(huán)境中的3種常見綠化樹種(洋白蠟、國槐和臭椿)為研究對象,測定其葉功能性狀指標。結(jié)果表明:比葉面積、葉綠素含量、氣孔面積、氣孔開度及葉氮磷比均隨著環(huán)境地表溫度的增大總體上呈現(xiàn)先增加、后減小的趨勢,城市下墊面從大到小依次為嵌草磚地表、自然地表、大理石地表、水泥地表、荷蘭磚地表、瀝青地表。而葉干物質(zhì)含量、葉組織密度、氣孔密度及葉脈密度、葉氮含量、葉磷含量則呈相反的變化規(guī)律,城市下墊面從大到小依次為瀝青地表、荷蘭磚地表、水泥地表、大理石地表、自然地表、嵌草磚地表。葉性狀間表現(xiàn)了一定的相關(guān)關(guān)系,其中,比葉面積與葉干物質(zhì)含量、葉組織密度與氣孔密度間呈極顯著的負相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.01),與葉氮含量、葉磷含量呈顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.01)。葉干物質(zhì)含量與葉組織密度、葉脈密度和葉氮含量存在極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.01)。氣孔密度與氣孔面積、氣孔開度間存在顯著的負相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.05),而與葉脈密度間存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.05)。氣孔面積與葉氮含量間存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.05),與葉組織密度呈極顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.01)。隨著地表溫度的升高,植物葉性狀間的相關(guān)性呈現(xiàn)先增、后減的趨勢,小幅度升溫總體上有利于加強葉功能性狀間的相關(guān)性,而溫度過高則明顯降低其相關(guān)關(guān)系。城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,植物葉片具有低的比葉面積、葉綠素含量、氣孔面積、氣孔開度和葉氮磷比,高的葉干物質(zhì)含量、葉組織密度、氣孔密度、葉氮含量和葉磷含量,進一步驗證了城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中葉經(jīng)濟譜的存在,并在該譜系中屬于“快速投資-收益”型。

    Abstract:

    The object was to study the response of plant leaf traits and their related relationships to the thermal environment effect of urban underlying surface and its ecological tradeoff strategy. Results showed that specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, stomatal area, stomatal aperture and leaf nitrogenphosphorus ratio were all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of environmental surface temperature, which was expressed as grassplanting bricks surface, grass surface, marble surface, cement surface, brick surface, asphalt surface from large to small. While the leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density, stomatal density, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content and leaf vein density showed opposite changes, which were expressed as asphalt surface, brick surface, cement surface, marble surface, grass surface and grassplanting brick surface from large to small. There was a certain correlation between plant leaf functional traits. Specific leaf area showed a significant negative correlation with leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density and stomatal density (P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with leaf nitrogen content and leaf phosphorus content (P<0.01). Leaf dry matter content showed a significant positive correlation with leaf tissue density, leaf vein density and leaf nitrogen content (P<0.01). Stomatal density was significantly and negatively correlated with stomatal aperture and stomatal area (P<0.05), and significantly and positively correlated with leaf vein density (P<0.05). Leaf vein density was significantly and positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content (P<0.05) and leaf tissue density (P<0.01). With the increase of surface temperature, the correlation between plant leaf traits was firstly increased and then decreased. The small temperature increase was generally beneficial to strengthen the correlation between leaf functional traits, which significantly reduced its correlation relationship when the temperature was too high. In urban ecosystems, plant leaves showed low specific leaf area, chlorophyll content, stomatal area, stomatal aperture and leaf nitrogenphosphorus ratio, and high leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density, stomatal density, leaf nitrogen content and leaf phosphorus content. The research further verified the existence of the economics spectrum of the lower temperature of high temperature stress habitat on the underlying surface of the city, and it was a “quick investmentreturn” type in the global leaf economics spectrum, which provided an important theoretical basis for the selection and configuration of urban greening plants and urban planning. The study further validated the existence of economics spectrum in the urban system, which was a “quick investmentbenefit” type.

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朱濟友,于 強,DI Yang,何韋均,徐程揚,孔祥琦.葉生態(tài)特征及其相關(guān)性對下墊面熱效應的生態(tài)權(quán)衡[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(11):201-219. ZHU Jiyou, YU Qiang, DI Yang, HE Weijun, XU Chengyang, KONG Xiangqi. Ecological Balance of Leaf Ecological Characteristics and Their Correlation to Thermal Effects of Underlying Surfaces[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):201-219.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10