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擾動(dòng)下農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車輛路徑跟蹤控制器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YF020-07、2017YF002)、山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系薯類創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械崗位專家項(xiàng)目(SDAIT-16-10)和山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)青年科技創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(24158)


Design on Trajectory Tracking Controller of Agricultural Vehicles under Disturbances
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    摘要:

    為提高農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車輛路徑跟蹤的魯棒穩(wěn)定性,基于線性模型預(yù)測(cè)控制結(jié)合農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車輛特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了路徑跟蹤控制器。該方法首先將農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型進(jìn)行離散化求解,推出誤差模型作為控制器預(yù)測(cè)方程,為使農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車能夠克服在田間行駛時(shí)的各種干擾,通過(guò)構(gòu)建李雅普諾夫函數(shù)重點(diǎn)分析了該模型的魯棒穩(wěn)定性,得到控制周期約束條件,然后建立目標(biāo)函數(shù)并引入松弛因子,最后把預(yù)測(cè)模型代入目標(biāo)函數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化求解,重復(fù)以上過(guò)程,實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化控制。Matlab仿真表明:當(dāng)前輪轉(zhuǎn)角擾動(dòng)不大于15°及橫向擾動(dòng)不大于1.5m時(shí),控制器可以迅速起到調(diào)節(jié)作用,使車輛快速回到參考軌跡上行駛。對(duì)應(yīng)的場(chǎng)地試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:試驗(yàn)小車以2m/s的速度跟蹤參考路徑時(shí),直線路段跟蹤效果良好,最大橫向偏差為10.57cm,均值為8.49cm;添加擾動(dòng)路段的跟蹤偏差較大,最大橫向偏差為23.89cm,最大縱向偏差為62.53cm,但在控制器的控制作用下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)路徑的有效跟蹤。由此可見(jiàn),該控制器在速度小于等于2m/s的情況下,可以滿足農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車輛對(duì)路徑跟蹤的精度與魯棒穩(wěn)定性要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to improve the trajectory tracking robust stability of agricultural vehicles, a path tracking control method was proposed based on the linear predictive model. Through the proposed method, the path tracking problem can be divided into two problems: the trajectory planning problem and the trajectory tracking optimization problem with speed and steering angle constraints. Firstly, a dynamic model of the agricultural vehicle was established and discretized to deduce the system error model, based on which the prediction model was obtained for the controller. Then the Lyapunov function was introduced to validate the convergence and robust of the controller. Secondly, an objective function based on system variables and control inputs was coined. And the constraints of system state variables and control inputs were taken into consideration. The optimal control system was transformed into an optimization problem. Finally, the interior point method was brought forward to solve the optimization problem. The Matlab simulation results validated the road tracking ability of the tested road with enough robust performance. When front wheel disturbance was not more than 15° and tracking disturbance in lateral direction was not more than 1.5m, the controller can quickly adjust the vehicle to the reference track. Meanwhile, the corresponding experiments were conducted. It was showed that the maximum lateral tracking deviation was 10.57cm and the mean was 8.49cm with forward speed of 2m/s. During circular sections or after injecting the disturbance, the deviation was significantly increased and the maximum lateral deviation was 23.89cm, but the effective tracking can still be achieved. It can be concluded that the controller can satisfy the requirements of the precision and robustness of agricultural vehicles when the speed was less than 2m/s.

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劉正鐸,張萬(wàn)枝,呂釗欽,鄭文秀,穆桂脂,程向勛.擾動(dòng)下農(nóng)用運(yùn)輸車輛路徑跟蹤控制器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(12):378-386. LIU Zhengduo, ZHANG Wanzhi, Lü Zhaoqin, ZHENG Wenxiu, MU Guizhi, CHENG Xiangxun. Design on Trajectory Tracking Controller of Agricultural Vehicles under Disturbances[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):378-386.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-12-10
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