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稻田氣力式變量施肥機肥料噴撒器設(shè)計與試驗
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貴州山地小型農(nóng)機具創(chuàng)新研發(fā)平臺建設(shè)項目(黔科合條中補地【2015】4001)


Design of Fertilizer Spraying Device of Pneumatic Variable-rate Fertilizer Applicator for Rice Production
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    摘要:

    目前水稻施追肥以離心圓盤式撒肥機為主,雖具有幅寬大、作業(yè)效率高的特點,但是變量控制精度差。為了滿足水稻變量施肥的作業(yè)要求,設(shè)計了一種氣力式變量施肥機,在滿足幅寬要求的基礎(chǔ)上,還能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在幅寬方向上的變量控制施肥。設(shè)計了用于該機的肥料噴撒器,對該噴撒器的肥料運動進行了理論分析,并對不同擋板結(jié)構(gòu)的噴撒器進行氣流流場模擬分析,對在不同轉(zhuǎn)速下各排肥口的施肥量和不同擋板類型的施肥噴撒器在各自施肥范圍內(nèi)的施肥均勻性進行了試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明:轉(zhuǎn)速對各排肥口的排肥量沒有顯著性影響,各排肥口的排肥量誤差在均值的5%以內(nèi);轉(zhuǎn)速和噴撒器的擋板結(jié)構(gòu)類型對單一噴撒器施肥范圍內(nèi)的施肥均勻性具有顯著性影響,以施肥均勻性變異系數(shù)為指標(biāo),排肥輪轉(zhuǎn)速在30r/min左右時,整體排肥均勻性變異系數(shù)優(yōu)于其他轉(zhuǎn)速;而圓錐形擋板噴撒器在所有轉(zhuǎn)速下其排肥均勻性變異系數(shù)均優(yōu)于其他擋板結(jié)構(gòu)的噴撒器,且當(dāng)排肥輪轉(zhuǎn)速大于30r/min時,該噴撒器的施肥均勻性變異系數(shù)小于8%。就擋板結(jié)構(gòu)對噴撒器出口氣流場的影響和施肥均勻性進行了比較研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者具有相似性,初步斷定氣流場對施肥均勻性具有一定影響。在實際作業(yè)過程中為了使單個排肥口的排肥均勻性更好,應(yīng)當(dāng)采用圓錐擋板噴撒器,并且在確定作業(yè)區(qū)域的施肥量下,盡可能調(diào)整車速,使排肥輪轉(zhuǎn)速達到30r/min以上,以最大程度保證施肥區(qū)域的施肥均勻性。

    Abstract:

    Although it is the main machine in rice fertilizer with large width and high efficiency, centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreader is still with the problem of poor uniformity of fertilizer and difficult to realize the control of variable rate fertilization in width direction. In order to adapt to the development of precise agriculture and meet the requirements of rice variable fertilization at the same time, which could make fertilizer reduced and yields for rice increased, a kind of variable pneumatic fertilizer applicator was designed. The machinery not only met the requirements of width, but also achieved the variable rate fertilization in width direction. The fertilizer spraying device which designed for the machine of fertilizer was analyzed theoretically, and a simulation analysis of air flow field was also made for the spraying device with different baffle structures. What’s more, relevant tests of fertilization uniformity were made for fertilizing amount of each row of fertilizer and fertilizer spraying device of different baffle types within their respective scope of fertilization at different rotational speeds. The results showed that revolving speed had no significant effect on fertilizing amount of each row of fertilizer, and fertilizing amount error of each row of fertilizer was within 5% of the average. However, revolving speed and baffle types of fertilizer spraying device had significant effect on fertilization uniformity within the scope of single spraying device, taking the fertilization variation coefficient as index, the whole fertilizer ejecting uniformity variation coefficient was superior to the other speed when the wheel speed was around 30r/min; on the other hand, the fertilization uniformity variation coefficient of the cone baffle spraying device was superior to the other spraying device whatever the wheel speed was, and when the wheel speed was more than 30r/min, the fertilization uniformity variation coefficient of this spraying device was less than 8%. In addition, some comparison was made on the influence of different baffle structure on air flow field and fertilization uniformity, some similarities of them were found, but the conclusion whether the air flow field had significant effect on fertilization uniformity cannot be made. Above all, in order to make the single spraying device have the better fertilization uniformity in the process of actual operation, the cone baffle spraying device can be used, on the premise of knowing the weight of target area for fertilization, adjusting the speed of the machine to make the rotated speed of the wheel achieve 30r/min or more, on this account, good fertilization uniformity can be obtained in this area.

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齊興源,周志艷,林蜀云,徐良.稻田氣力式變量施肥機肥料噴撒器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(s1):164-170,180. QI Xingyuan, ZHOU Zhiyan, LIN Shuyun, XU Liang. Design of Fertilizer Spraying Device of Pneumatic Variable-rate Fertilizer Applicator for Rice Production[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):164-170,180.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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