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3WPZ-4型風(fēng)送式葡萄噴霧機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700903)、國(guó)家國(guó)際科技合作專項(xiàng)(2013DFA71130)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51405496)


Design and Experiment of 3WPZ-4 Type Air-assisted Grape Sprayer
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    摘要:

    為解決施藥作業(yè)過程中勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、農(nóng)藥利用率低、流失嚴(yán)重,成本高等問題,結(jié)合超聲波靶標(biāo)探測(cè)、多柔性出風(fēng)管風(fēng)送與氣流輔助式精量施藥、精量噴霧控制等核心技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)與PT-115型多功能自走式底盤配套使用的3WPZ-4型葡萄噴霧機(jī),該噴霧機(jī)噴藥葡萄行距2.5~3.5m,噴霧行數(shù)4行,作業(yè)速度4.0~6.0km/h,藥箱容量1600L,額定噴霧壓力0.5~1.0MPa。4年生釀酒葡萄園施藥作業(yè)結(jié)果表明,3WPZ-4型風(fēng)送式葡萄噴霧機(jī)在額定噴霧壓力時(shí),噴霧量為37.4~78.7L/min,霧滴體積中徑為132.1~251.1μm。為測(cè)試開發(fā)的施藥系統(tǒng)噴霧性能,將精準(zhǔn)對(duì)靶系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉,使用1.2mm噴嘴,噴霧壓力1.0MPa,無風(fēng)送時(shí),施藥量為801.2L/hm2,藥液沉積率最低為53.24%,地面流失率最大為15.53%,飄移率最高為31.23%;使用1.5mm噴嘴,噴霧壓力1.0MPa,有風(fēng)送時(shí),施藥量為1005.4L/hm2,藥液沉積率最高為71.90%,飄移率最低為15.68%;使用1.2mm噴嘴,噴霧壓力0.5MPa,有風(fēng)送時(shí),施藥量為408.4L/hm2,藥液地面流失率最低為10.77%;無輔助風(fēng)時(shí)藥液平均沉積率為58.83%,平均地面流失率為14.48%,平均飄移率為26.69%,有輔助風(fēng)時(shí)藥液平均沉積率為68.94%,平均地面流失率為12.08%,平均飄移率為18.98%,使用輔助風(fēng)使藥液平均沉積率提高了17.2%,平均地面流失率降低了16.56%,平均飄移率降低了28.87%。啟動(dòng)精準(zhǔn)對(duì)靶系統(tǒng),試驗(yàn)中精準(zhǔn)對(duì)靶系統(tǒng)噴霧量平均誤差2.90%,藥液平均沉積率為65.76%,平均地面流失率為13.40%,平均飄移率為20.84%。

    Abstract:

    To reduce labor intensive, increase pesticides availability and decrease loss and other issues, the 3WPZ-4 type grape sprayer matching on model PT-115 multifunctional self-propelled chassis was developed, which contained the technology of ultrasonic target probe, flexibility discharge pipes air-assisted precision spray and integrated control. The 3WPZ-4 type air-assisted grape sprayer with 1600L tank can operate for four rows wine grape at the same time and the designed spray pressure was form 0.5MPa to 1.0MPa which adapted to 2.5~3.5m wine grape row spacing. Four years wine grape pesticides application test showed that the spray water volume of 3WPZ-4 type air-assisted grape sprayer was from 37.4L/min to 78.7L/min, droplet median volume diameter was form 132.1μm to 251.1μm. Without precision target system and no air-assisted, using 1.2mm nozzle at 1.0MPa spray pressure, the minimum pesticides deposition rate was 53.24%, the maximum loss rate was 15.53% and drift rate was 31.23% at spray water volume of 801.2L/hm2. With air-assisted, using 1.5mm nozzle at 1.0MPa spray pressure, the maximum deposition rate was 71.90%, and the minimum drift rate was 15.68% at spray water volume of 1005.4L/hm2. Using 1.2mm nozzle at 0.5MPa spray pressure with air-assisted, the minimum loss rate was 10.77% at spray water volume of 408.4L/hm2. Without air-assisted, average pesticides deposition rate was 58.83%, average loss rate was 14.48%, and the average drift rate was 26.69%. With air-assisted, average pesticides deposition rate was 68.94%, average loss rate was 12.08%, and average drift rate was 18.98%. With air-assisted, average pesticides deposition rate was increased by 17.2%, average loss rate was reduced by 16.56%, and average drift rate was lowered by 28.87%. When using precision target system, the average spray water volume error was 2.90%, average pesticides deposition rate was 65.76%, average loss rate was 13.40%, and average drift rate was 20.84%. 

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董祥,張鐵,燕明德,楊學(xué)軍,嚴(yán)荷榮,孫星.3WPZ-4型風(fēng)送式葡萄噴霧機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):205-213. DONG Xiang, ZHANG Tie, YAN Mingde, YANG Xuejun, YAN Herong, SUN Xing. Design and Experiment of 3WPZ-4 Type Air-assisted Grape Sprayer[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):205-213.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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