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水平摘錠采棉理論分析與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701402)


Theoretical Analysis and Experiment of Picking Cotton with Horizontal Spindle
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    摘要:

    采棉機(jī)作業(yè)效率主要與采棉頭的滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、座管列數(shù)和摘錠轉(zhuǎn)速等參數(shù)有關(guān),且滾筒與摘錠的轉(zhuǎn)速比為固定值。本文選擇摘錠轉(zhuǎn)速為研究對象,從摘錠順利摘取棉花、繞盡單個(gè)棉瓣、棉籽甩離損失3方面進(jìn)行理論分析,得到滿足采棉要求的轉(zhuǎn)速理論條件。根據(jù)已知摘錠參數(shù)及棉花力學(xué)特性等,計(jì)算出摘錠轉(zhuǎn)速為3000~4000r/min。為了驗(yàn)證理論分析得出的摘錠轉(zhuǎn)速范圍,搭建單摘錠室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)裝置,以單朵棉花的采凈率、采摘時(shí)間、功率消耗和棉籽甩離率為評價(jià)指標(biāo),分為1000、2000、3000、4000、5000、6000r/min 6個(gè)試驗(yàn)水平進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)速單因素試驗(yàn)。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,建立多指標(biāo)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,在摘錠接近籽棉速度約為0.2m/s、棉籽甩離率不大于2.5%、采凈率不小于90%的條件下,摘錠轉(zhuǎn)速范圍為3600~3700r/min,與理論分析結(jié)果相吻合,滿足棉花采摘要求。

    Abstract:

    The operating efficiency of cotton picker is mainly related to the parameters such as the drum speed of cotton picking head, number of seat pipes and spindle picking speed and speed ratio between drum and spindle is fixed. Horizontal spindle is the core working part of spindle-type cotton picker, and cotton picking is realized by winding cotton wadding at high speed. The spindle picking speed is key factor affecting effect of cotton picking. The spindle picking speed was theoretically analyzed from three aspects which were picking cotton smoothly, winding up a single cotton petal, and the loss of cotton seed throwing away. According to known picking parameters and mechanical properties of cotton, the speed range of picking spindle was estimated to be 3000~400r/min. In order to verify the range of spindle picking speed obtained by theoretical analysis, a single spindle picking laboratory test device was set up. The single factor test of spindle picking speed was carried out with the indexes of single cotton picking rate, picking time, power consumption and cottonseed rejection rate, which were divided into 1000r/min,2000r/min, 3000r/min, 4000r/min, 5000r/min and 6000r/min test levels. According to the test results, a multi-index optimization mathematical model was established. Under the conditions of approaching seed cotton speed of 0.2m/s, cotton seed rejection rate (no more than 2.5%) and cotton seed recovery rate (greater than or equal to 90%), the range of spindle picking speed was 3600~3700r/min, which was consistent with the theoretical analysis and met the requirement of picking summary.

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李騰,郝付平,韓增德,方憲法,韓科立,李曉棟.水平摘錠采棉理論分析與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):233-238. LI Teng, HAO Fuping, HAN Zengde, FANG Xianfa, HAN Keli, LI Xiaodong. Theoretical Analysis and Experiment of Picking Cotton with Horizontal Spindle[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):233-238.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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