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玉米穗莖兼收割臺(tái)切碎裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701904)


Optimization of Parameters for Stalk Chopper of Corn Harvester for Reaping both Corn Stalk and Spike
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)玉米穗莖兼收割臺(tái)的需求,設(shè)計(jì)了一種橫置滾筒式莖稈切碎裝置,并對(duì)其切碎性能及割臺(tái)摘穗性能進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。通過(guò)對(duì)切碎裝置工作原理的分析,確定在拉莖速度與切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速比值一定的條件下,以機(jī)器作業(yè)速度、動(dòng)刀切割前角、切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速為自變量,以玉米果穗損失率、籽粒破碎率、籽粒損失率、莖稈平均切段長(zhǎng)度和幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),利用Box-Benhnken Design中心組合試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)原理,進(jìn)行了3因素3水平正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合田間試驗(yàn),利用Design-Expert軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了響應(yīng)面分析和回歸分析,得到試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)與試驗(yàn)因素間的數(shù)學(xué)模型。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:機(jī)器作業(yè)速度和切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速與5個(gè)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)有二次非線性關(guān)系,動(dòng)刀切割前角僅與莖稈平均切段長(zhǎng)度、幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差有二次非線性關(guān)系,因素的交互項(xiàng)中僅機(jī)器作業(yè)速度與切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速的交互項(xiàng)對(duì)籽粒破碎率、莖稈平均切段長(zhǎng)度有顯著影響。對(duì)切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行圓整,得到最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:機(jī)器作業(yè)速度為1.35m/s,動(dòng)刀切割前角為52°,切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速為1350r/min,此時(shí)果穗損失率為1.1%,籽粒破碎率為0.23%、籽粒損失率為0.74%、莖稈平均切段長(zhǎng)度為30.73mm、幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為1.28。與田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比可知,回歸模型有很好的可靠性。將最優(yōu)組合試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與優(yōu)化前的參數(shù)組合(機(jī)器作業(yè)速度為1.11m/s,動(dòng)刀切割前角為53°,切碎滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速為1657r/min)得到的結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較可知:優(yōu)化后較優(yōu)化前果穗損失率降低0.4%,籽粒破碎率降低0.784%,籽粒損失率降低1.318%,莖稈平均切段長(zhǎng)度縮短12.20mm,幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差減少0.34。優(yōu)化后試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的指標(biāo)值,滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。

    Abstract:

    As a corn harvester for reaping both corn stalk and spike needs high efficiency and performance to harvest corn cob and corn stalk, a stalk chopper (SC) in horizontal roller type was designed. Aiming at studying the effect of parameters of chopper on picking and smashing performance, the working principle of SC was analyzed. Box-Benhnken Design(BBD)response surface method was used to design the field experience. An orthogonal rotary combination experiment was conducted with the working speed of corn harvester, the fixed angle of cutting knives and rotating speed of SC as three independent factors, as well as broken rate and loss rate of corn kernels, average length and geometric standard deviation of smashed corn stalk as four dependent indices, while using corn named Zhengdan as the test materials. Corn cobs, kernels and stalks were collected manually and calculated to get the results after every experiment. Design-Expert software was employed to analyze the test data, and mathematical equations between independent and dependent factors were gained. The results indicated that the independent factors had a second nonlinear relationship with dependent indices, while only working speed of corn harvester and rotating speed of SC had significant effects on loss rate of corn kernels. Three factors all had significant effects on other dependent indices. The interaction between working speed of corn harvester and rotating speed of SC had a significant effect on broken rate of corn kernels and average length of corn stalk. Parameters optimization showed that when working speed of corn harvester was 1.35m/s, the fixed angle of cutting knives was 52°, rotating speed of SC was 1350r/min, the device had optimal performance with loss rate of corn ear of 1.1%, broken rate of corn kernels of 0.23%, loss rate of corn kernels of 0.74%, average length of broken stem of 30.73mm, and geometric deviation of 1.28. Compared with field test results, it was showed that the regression equation had a good prediction. In contract to the test with working speed of 1.11m/s, fixed angle of 53°, rotating speed of 1657r/min, the results showed that under optimal conditions loss rate of corn ear, broken rate of corn kernels, loss rate of corn kernels, average length of broken stem and geometric deviation were reduced by 0.4%, 0.784%, 1.318%, 12.20mm and 0.34, respectively. The research result provided a basis for the stalk chopper of corn harvester for reaping both corn stalk and spike.

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張宗玲,韓增德,李曉棟,郝付平,韓科立,韓魯佳.玉米穗莖兼收割臺(tái)切碎裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):266-274. ZHANG Zongling, HAN Zengde, LI Xiaodong, HAO Fuping, HAN Keli, HAN Lujia. Optimization of Parameters for Stalk Chopper of Corn Harvester for Reaping both Corn Stalk and Spike[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):266-274.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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