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齒盤式多行拔棉稈裝置拔稈過程分析與參數(shù)優(yōu)化
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51505242、51865058)、中央級公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(Y2017PT23)、科技支疆項目(2018E02082)和農(nóng)業(yè)部現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備重點實驗室開放項目(201604001)


Operation Process Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Dentate Disc Cottonstalk Uprooting Mechanism
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    摘要:

    為解決拔棉稈機漏拔、拔斷、拔凈率低等問題,基于電液控制技術(shù)設(shè)計了齒盤式多行拔棉稈臺架并開展試驗研究。采用ADAMS軟件進行齒盤式拔棉稈裝置運動仿真分析進而揭示拔稈機理;利用試驗臺架的調(diào)速比模式和調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)速模式,通過單因素和多因素試驗研究齒盤圓周線速度、拖拉機前進速度及齒盤圓周線速度與拖拉機前進速度之比(以下簡稱速比)對棉稈拔凈率、拔斷率和漏拔率的影響。試驗結(jié)果表明,調(diào)速比和調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)速2種模式的齒盤式多行拔棉稈臺架滿足設(shè)計要求,可開展多種條件下拔棉稈試驗研究;齒盤對棉稈起拔力大小、方向及夾持時間影響拔稈效果,棉稈被夾持時間小于起拔時間易導(dǎo)致棉稈斷裂,一定程度上增大齒盤圓周線速度有助于減少漏拔;速比、齒盤圓周線速度對棉稈拔凈率、漏拔率和拔斷率均有極顯著影響,其中速比是影響棉稈拔凈率最關(guān)鍵因素;速比最佳范圍為0.55~0.80,齒盤圓周線速度最佳范圍為0.24~1.10m/s;齒盤傾角為6°、拖拉機前進速度為0.85m/s、速比0.75時,棉稈拔凈率最高,為93.89%,滿足設(shè)計要求,此時拔斷率為4.43%,漏拔率為1.68%。

    Abstract:

    Cottonstalk is an important renewable resource. With an annual output of 31.5 million tons, China is rich in cottonstalk, which has great potential economic benefits. Cottonstalk uprooting is laborintensive and rollertype uprooter is not suitable for cotton planting patterns in China. Dentate disc cottonstalk uprooting device has good application prospect. Relevant research focused on cottonstalk mechanical properties, uprooting force and uprooting device design, but lack of further research on cottonstalk movement analysis and uprooting mechanism. It is urgent to carry out a deeper research on the technology and machinery of cottonstalk uprooting. In order to solve the problem of omission, fracture and low pulling out rate of the cottonstalk uprooting machine, a dentate disc multirow cottonstalk uprooting device was designed based on the electrohydraulic control technology and corresponding tests were taken. ADAMS was used to simulate the movement of the device and further reveal the cottonstalk uprooting mechanism. Under two operation modes of the device (speed locking mode or speed ratio locking mode), univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis method were used to investigate the influence of dentate disc circumference speed, tractor forward speed and speed ratio (dentate disc circumference speed by tractor forward speed) on the omission, fracture and low pulling out rate of cottonstalk. The results showed that the device could meet the design requirements which can carry out cottonstalk uprooting test under various conditions. The magnitude, direction and duration of the uprooting force could affect the uprooting results. When the clamping time was less than the uprooting time, it would easily cause cottonstalk fracturing. Increasing the dentate disc circumference speed would contribute to a low omission rate. Speed ratio and dentate disc circumference speed both had significant impact on the pulling out rate, omission rate and fracture rate of cottonstalk. The speed ratio was the most critical factor which determined the pulling out rate of cottonstalk. The optimal speed ratio range was from 0.55 to 0.80, and the optimal dentate disc circumference speed range was from 0.24m/s to 1.10m/s. When the dentate disc angle was 6°, the tractor forward speed was 0.85m/s, and the speed ratio was 0.75, the pulling out rate of cottonstalk reached its maximum value of 93.89%, the fracture rate was 4.43% and the omission rate was 1.68%. The research result could provide a theoretical basis for optimizing structure and performance of cottonstalk uprooting machine.

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陳明江,趙維松,王振偉,劉凱凱,陳永生,胡志超.齒盤式多行拔棉稈裝置拔稈過程分析與參數(shù)優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(3):109-120. CHEN Mingjiang, ZHAO Weisong, WANG Zhenwei, LIU Kaikai, CHEN Yongsheng, HU Zhichao. Operation Process Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Dentate Disc Cottonstalk Uprooting Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(3):109-120.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10
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