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河套灌區(qū)畦灌灌水質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)與優(yōu)化
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400205-01)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51769021、51539005、51839006)


Evaluation and Optimization of Border Irrigation Performance in Hetao Irrigation District
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)河套灌區(qū)農(nóng)田規(guī)格不合理問(wèn)題,為探求變化環(huán)境下適宜的畦灌灌水技術(shù)要素,在不同畦田寬度下進(jìn)行田間灌水試驗(yàn),采用模型模擬與回歸分析方法,分析了畦灌水流運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)及灌水質(zhì)量變化情況。結(jié)果表明:畦田寬度為18~23m時(shí)灌水質(zhì)量不佳,灌水效率、灌水均勻度僅分別為59.78%~77.40%和84.61%~87.02%,盡管此時(shí)儲(chǔ)水效率為100%,但其灌水效果仍然較差;畦田寬度縮小到10~15m時(shí),灌水效率為70.20%~87.00%,灌水均勻度為86.77%~90.80%,灌水質(zhì)量最好;當(dāng)縮小畦田寬度到5m時(shí),灌水質(zhì)量反而降低。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合田間實(shí)測(cè)資料,通過(guò)模型模擬、均勻試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)以及多元回歸分析相結(jié)合的方法,構(gòu)建了包含灌水效率、灌水均勻度以及儲(chǔ)水效率的單目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型(Single objective optimization model),將單寬流量和灌水時(shí)間作為決策變量,采用冒泡排序法(Bubble sort method)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解,得到畦灌適宜的單寬流量和灌水時(shí)間組合,根據(jù)示范區(qū)實(shí)際入田流量,初步確定最優(yōu)畦田寬度為10.7~14.2m。研究結(jié)果為灌區(qū)節(jié)水改造設(shè)計(jì)、水資源高效利用和農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Irrigation performance in fields is an important factor for the yield and water use efficiency of crops. For the unreasonable field size in Hetao Irrigation District, the flow and performance change of irrigation water in fields were analyzed by irrigation experiments in different widths of fields in order to find proper technical factors of irrigation water in fields by model simulation and regression analysis. Results showed that the irrigation performance was poor with irrigation uniformity of only 59.78%~77.40% and 84.61%~87.02% when the width of fields was 18~23m. Although water storage efficiency was 100%, the irrigation performance was still poor. When the width of fields was reduced to be 10~15m, the irrigation efficiency was 70.20%~87.00% and irrigation uniformity was 86.77%~90.80%, which showed best irrigation performance. When the width of fields was reduced to be 5m, the irrigation performance was deteriorated. A single objective optimization model included irrigation efficiency and irrigation uniformity and storage efficiency combined with the field experiment data was constructed through the combination of model simulation, uniform experiment design and multiple regression analysis. Through using the single wide flow and irrigation time as decision variables and solving the model by bubble sort method, the optimal combination of technical components of border irrigation was obtained, and the appropriate width of the field was further determined based on the actual flow in the demonstration area. The results provided theoretical support for the water-saving transformation design, effective utilization of water resources and agricultural sustainable development in irrigated areas.

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范雷雷,史海濱,李瑞平,苗慶豐,孫娜,王艷明.河套灌區(qū)畦灌灌水質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)與優(yōu)化[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(6):315-321,337. FAN Leilei, SHI Haibin, LI Ruiping, MIAO Qingfeng, SUN Na, WANG Yanming. Evaluation and Optimization of Border Irrigation Performance in Hetao Irrigation District[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(6):315-321,337.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-06-10
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