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基于激光雷達的農(nóng)業(yè)耕作微地貌測量裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201503118-06)、湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項目和國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Microtopography Measuring Device for Agricultural Cultivation Based on LiDAR
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有地表微地貌測量裝置難以兼顧農(nóng)業(yè)耕種作業(yè)后地表微地貌測量的精度和效率、部分測量裝置單次測量覆蓋區(qū)域不能滿足統(tǒng)計要求的問題,設(shè)計了一套由激光雷達、直線導(dǎo)軌、便攜式計算機和支架等構(gòu)成的非接觸式地表微地貌測量裝置,開發(fā)了以STM32單片機為核心的步進電機驅(qū)動控制器,并與上位機軟件形成整套采集系統(tǒng),可實現(xiàn)激光雷達精確定位并快速獲取地表三維坐標(biāo)。該裝置典型分辨率在激光雷達掃描方向為3.8~10mm,垂直掃描方向可在毫米精度范圍內(nèi)任意設(shè)置,測距分辨率為1mm;測量區(qū)域覆蓋面積典型值為6.8m2,垂直掃描方向分辨率為10mm時,單次測量時間低于2.5min。通過分析測量誤差來源,建立了系統(tǒng)誤差補償模型,在15次均值濾波的條件下,該裝置測量最大絕對誤差為2.7mm,最大平均絕對誤差為0.9mm。油菜機械直播后地表微地貌測量試驗結(jié)果表明:利用Matlab生成的地表三維模型可以精確地重構(gòu)原有地表微地貌特征,測量結(jié)果與實際地表高度變化吻合度較高;測量數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明,固定區(qū)域內(nèi)均方根高度和相關(guān)長度測量值需分別在16次和64次的等距采樣下達到穩(wěn)定均值,而畦溝相關(guān)評價參數(shù)也需要多組樣本計算才具有統(tǒng)計意義。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the fact that the existing surface microtopography measuring device is difficult to achieve the accuracy and efficiency of surface measurement simultaneously after mechanical cultivation operations, a non-contact surface microtopography measuring device composed of LiDAR, linear guide, portable computer and bracket was developed. The stepping motor drive controller based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer was developed, and a complete acquisition system was built up combined with the upper computer software. The system can realize precise positioning of the LiDAR and quickly obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the surface. The typical resolution of the device was 3.8~10mm in the LiDAR scanning direction, the vertical scanning direction can be arbitrarily set within the millimeter precision range, the ranging resolution was 1mm;the coverage area was 6.8m2 typically, when the vertical scanning direction resolution was 10mm, the single measurement time was less than 2.5min. By analyzing the source of measurement error, the system error compensation model was established. Under the condition of 15 mean filtering, the maximum absolute error of the device was 2.7mm and the maximum average absolute error was 0.9mm. The device was investigated on rapeseed surface area after direct seeding of the crop. Test results revealed that the surface three-dimensional model generated by Matlab can accurately reconstruct the original microtopography surface features, and the measurement results were consistent with the actual surface height fluctuation. The statistical analysis showed that for attaining stable results, the root mean square height and the correlation length in the fixed size area needed to be sampled 16 times and 64 times, respectively.

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劉立超,魏國粱,張青松,肖文立,孫文成,廖慶喜.基于激光雷達的農(nóng)業(yè)耕作微地貌測量裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(7):84-92. LIU Lichao, WEI Guoliang, ZHANG Qingsong, XIAO Wenli, SUN Wencheng, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Experiment of Microtopography Measuring Device for Agricultural Cultivation Based on LiDAR[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(7):84-92.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-10
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