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耕作土壤溝形測量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0301303)和安徽省自然科學(xué)基金項目(1808085QE170)


Design and Experiment for Tillage Soil Groove Measurement System
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    摘要:

    針對耕作部件作業(yè)后土壤表面溝形特征參數(shù)測量困難,以及傳統(tǒng)測量方法存在測量效率、誤差難以兼顧的問題,設(shè)計了一種基于激光三角法的耕作土壤溝形測量系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括便攜式硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和交互式軟件系統(tǒng),硬件結(jié)構(gòu)主要由X/Y軸電動導(dǎo)軌、激光測距傳感器、旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器、便攜式計算機、水平儀和型材支架組成;基于LabView構(gòu)建的交互式軟件可根據(jù)運動控制器和旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器信號對X/Y軸電動導(dǎo)軌實現(xiàn)高精度掃描定位,交互式界面實時顯示溝寬、溝深及溝形斷面輪廓曲線,獲取的點云數(shù)據(jù)通過空間插值和曲面擬合算法得到溝形三維數(shù)字化模型。精度測量試驗和田間應(yīng)用試驗結(jié)果表明:直徑方向測量的平均絕對誤差為0.59mm,厚度方向測量的平均絕對誤差為0.02mm;與圖像檢測法對比,系統(tǒng)測量誤差最大降低2.1%,同時隨著溝形斷面采樣次數(shù)增加測量值趨于穩(wěn)定,測量誤差呈指數(shù)函數(shù)下降;與田間人工測量相比,該系統(tǒng)測量相對誤差最大為5.86%,平均相對誤差為3.37%,能夠滿足農(nóng)田土壤耕后溝形自動化測量的需要。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem that the characteristic parameters of soil surface groove are difficult to be measured after the operation of soil tillage parts,the traditional measurement methods have problems in measurement efficiency and error. A tillage soil groove measurement system based on laser triangulation was designed,the system included portable hardware structure and an interactive software system. The hardware structure was mainly composed of X/Y axis electric guides, laser range finder,rotary encoders,portable computer,level and aluminium profile. The interactive software based on LabView can realize high-precision scanning and positioning of X/Y electric guides based on motion controller and rotary encoder signals,the interactive interface displayed the groove width, groove depth,real-time plotting of soil disturbance and groove contour curve. The acquired points cloud was obtained by a spatial interpolation and the surface fitting algorithm to obtain a grooved 3-dimensional digital model. The field experiments and precision, method comparison experiments were conducted. The results showed that the measurement errors of horizontal direction and vertical direction were 0.59mm and 0.02mm, respectively. Compared with image detection method, the average relative errors of RMSH and CL were reduced by 2.1% and 1.1%, respectively. The measured value tended to be stable with the increase of sampling times, which can be used as the true value of measurement, and the measurement error was decreased exponentially. The average measuring time and relative error of the system measurement were 3.37% and 0.72m2, respectively. The measuring system had measuring accuracy and reliability, which can satisfy automatic measurement of furrow type after farmland soil tillage. The requirement of chemical measurement provided a new idea for the quality analysis of soil tillage components and evaluation of tillage machinery and equipment.

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王韋韋,李俊,王晴晴,李兆東,武堯堯,陳黎卿.耕作土壤溝形測量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(7):93-99. WANG Weiwei, LI Jun, WANG Qingqing, LI Zhaodong, WU Yaoyao, CHEN Liqing. Design and Experiment for Tillage Soil Groove Measurement System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(7):93-99.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-10
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