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覆膜和控/緩釋肥互作對(duì)春玉米生長(zhǎng)與氮素利用的影響
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陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016KTZDNY03-06)、黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目(A314021402-1611)、西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)人才專項(xiàng)(千人計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目)和高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計(jì)劃(111計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(B12007)


Influences of Interactions of Plastic Film Mulching and Controlled/Slow Release Fertilizer on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize
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    在陜西渭北旱塬地區(qū)永壽和長(zhǎng)武試驗(yàn)站分別布設(shè)田間試驗(yàn),研究地膜覆蓋和控/緩釋肥互作對(duì)玉米生長(zhǎng)和氮素吸收利用的影響。設(shè)置了2種栽培方式(雙壟溝覆膜、平作)和3種肥料類型(尿素、包膜控釋肥和尿素配施雙氰胺硝化抑制劑(DCD)緩釋肥),共6個(gè)處理。通過對(duì)比分析不同處理春玉米葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)、干物質(zhì)累積量、產(chǎn)量和氮素利用效率,評(píng)價(jià)不同互作方式對(duì)春玉米生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明:覆膜可提高玉米產(chǎn)量14.0%~34.2%,減少土壤氮素的淋失,并且增加了0~40cm土壤硝態(tài)氮含量,氮素利用效率和氮肥利用效率高于平作處理9.5%~23.7%。覆膜條件下,尿素基施處理的葉面積衰減速率分別高于包膜控釋肥處理和尿素加施DCD處理42.0%~51.6% 和55.4%~66.3%,開花期到成熟期干物質(zhì)積累速率分別低于包膜控釋肥處理和尿素加施DCD處理112.7%~155.2% 和30.3%~44.7%。控/緩釋肥延緩了覆膜條件下春玉米葉片的衰老速率和衰老時(shí)間,加快了玉米生育后期干物質(zhì)積累速率,營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)效率均高于尿素基施處理4.2%~78.1%,并且氮素吸收效率和氮肥利用效率高于尿素基施處理6.6%~24.2%。因此,覆膜和控/緩釋肥互作可以在一定程度上緩解覆膜條件下春玉米生長(zhǎng)的早衰現(xiàn)象,促進(jìn)玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,提高氮肥利用效率,可以作為渭北旱塬春玉米增產(chǎn)的一項(xiàng)有效措施。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the effects of interactions of plastic film mulching and controlled/slow release fertilizer on the growth and nitrogen utilization of spring maize, field experiments were conducted at two sites in Yongshou and Changwu on the Weibei Dryland in Shaanxi Province in 2017. The experiments included two cropping patterns (e.g. full plastic film mulching, M; flat planting, F), and three types of nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea fertilizer, U; control release fertilizer, CU; slow release fertilizer, SU). A total of six different treatments were involved consequently. Then the influences of different interactions on the growth of spring maize were evaluated through comparisons of leaf area index (LAI), biomass accumulation, grain yield and nitrogen utilization under different treatments. The results showed that plastic film mulching could significantly increase spring maize yield by 14.0%~34.2% compared with the flat planting treatment. The plastic mulching treatment increased nitrogen content in the 0~40cm soil, reduced nitrogen leaching to deep soil layers, and increased nitrogen use efficiency by 95%~237%. Under plastics film mulching, the leaf area aging rate of ureabased treatment (U) was higher than that of the coated controlled release fertilizer treatment (CU) and the urea added DCD treatment (SU) by 42.0%~51.6% and 55.4%~66.3%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation rate of ureabased treatment (U) from flowering to maturity was lower than that of the coated controlled release fertilizer treatment (CU) and the urea added DCD treatment (SU) by 112.7%~155.2% and 30.3%~44.7%, respectively. Under plastic film mulching, nitrogen transport amount and efficiency of vegetative organs of the controlled/slow release fertilizer treatment were higher than that of the ureabased treatment (U) by 4.2%~78.1%, and the nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency were higher than the urea treatment (U) by 6.6%~24.2%. Therefore, the interactions of plastic film mulching and controlled/slow release fertilizer can alleviate premature aging of spring maize, promote the growth, and increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization of spring maize to some extent. Thus, the combination of plastic film mulching and controlled/slow release fertilizer can be used as an effective measure to increase corn yield in the Weibei Dryland in Shaanxi Province. 

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周翔,陳上,何川,徐芳,馮浩,何建強(qiáng).覆膜和控/緩釋肥互作對(duì)春玉米生長(zhǎng)與氮素利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(8):321-330. ZHOU Xiang, CHEN Shang, HE Chuan, XU Fang, FENG Hao, HE Jianqiang. Influences of Interactions of Plastic Film Mulching and Controlled/Slow Release Fertilizer on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):321-330.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-08-10
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