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禽蛋殼膜旋風(fēng)式氣流清選裝置研究
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黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(LH2019E011)、黑龍江省博士后科研啟動(dòng)金二等項(xiàng)目(LBH-Q18012)、國(guó)家蛋雞產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-40-K25)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0400304)


Cyclone Device Collecting Eggshell Membranes and Eggshells Separately from Eggshells Mixture
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    摘要:

    為減輕廢棄蛋殼對(duì)環(huán)境的污染,提高蛋殼和蛋膜的附加價(jià)值,提出了蛋殼蛋膜旋風(fēng)式氣流分選方式。首先,基于Fluent-EDEM耦合模擬研究了旋風(fēng)式氣流清選裝置的清選筒直徑、直筒段高度等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)清選筒內(nèi)的流場(chǎng)特性、顆粒軌跡、顆粒分布的影響;其次,根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果確定了清選筒的基本尺寸,搭建試驗(yàn)臺(tái),以筒頂結(jié)構(gòu)、風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、喂料機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速和喂入量為試驗(yàn)因素,以蛋膜的清潔率和回收率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),進(jìn)行殼膜清選試驗(yàn);最后,通過正交試驗(yàn)、二次通用旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)和優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),得出了最優(yōu)因素參數(shù)組合。仿真顯示:清選筒內(nèi)流場(chǎng)中心柱狀區(qū)域速度大、且方向向上,外圍速度低、且方向向下,升氣管處氣壓最低,有利于殼膜的分選;增大清選筒筒徑會(huì)造成蛋殼回流,筒徑過小不利于蛋膜收集的清潔率;增加筒體高度導(dǎo)致筒內(nèi)能量損失過大,蛋膜回收率較低,減小筒體高度導(dǎo)致筒內(nèi)能量損失小,筒內(nèi)氣流速度較大,蛋膜分選的清潔率低。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,錐形筒頂較平頂?shù)澳せ厥章矢?;物料進(jìn)口速度過大,則殼膜因離心力大貼著筒壁運(yùn)動(dòng),達(dá)不到殼膜分選的效果;當(dāng)喂入量500g/s、風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速2892r/min、喂料機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速918r/min時(shí),蛋膜回收率高于94%,蛋膜清潔率高于96%。驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)與優(yōu)化結(jié)果相近,優(yōu)化結(jié)果可信。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the pollution on the environment caused by waste eggshells, a method of collecting eggshell membranes and eggshells separately from eggshells mixture was explored, which acquired respective added value. Based on the Fluent-EDEM coupling simulation, the influences of cyclone structure parameters such as the diameter and height of the cleaning cylinder on the flow field characteristics, particles trajectories and particles distribution in the cyclone were studied. According to the simulation results, the structure parameters of the cyclone were determined within a reasonable range. In the eggshells and membranes collecting test, the cyclone top structure, fan rotational speed, feeding motor rotational speed and feed rate were taken as test factors, and the cleaning rate and recovery rate of eggshell membranes were taken as evaluation indexes. The simulation results showed that the flow field formed in the cleaning cylinder was that velocity was high in upward direction in the central columnar area and low in downward direction in the peripheral area, and air pressure was the lowest at the air riser, which were conducive to collecting eggshells and eggshell membranes. Increasing the diameter of cleaning cylinder would cause eggshells mixture reflux. Increasing the height of the cylinder would lead to excessive energy loss in the cylinder and low recovery rate of eggshell membranes, otherwise too small height of the cylinder would lead to small energy loss, high airflow velocity in the cylinder and low cleaning rate of eggshell membranes. The test results showed that the recovery rate of eggshell membranes adapting cone top was higher than that of flat top. If the speed of materials inlet was increased, the eggshells mixture would move against the cylinder wall due to the centrifugal force, which can not separate eggshells and eggshell membranes effectively. The experimental results showed when the feed rate was 500g/s, the fan rotational speed was 2892r/min and the feeding motor rotational speed was 918r/min, the eggshell membranes recovery rate was higher than 94%, and cleaning rate was higher than 96%. The result of verification test was close to that of optimization, and the optimization result was credible.

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遲媛,李蒙福,楊月斌,隋昂伯,遲玉杰.禽蛋殼膜旋風(fēng)式氣流清選裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(8):339-350. CHI Yuan, LI Mengfu, YANG Yuebin, SUI Angbo, CHI Yujie. Cyclone Device Collecting Eggshell Membranes and Eggshells Separately from Eggshells Mixture[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):339-350.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-08-10
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