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保護(hù)性耕作破茬碎土刀設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300803)、黑龍江省博士后科研啟動基金項(xiàng)目(LBH-Q16026)和黑龍江省應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究與開發(fā)計(jì)劃重大項(xiàng)目(GA16B401)


Design and Experiment of Stubble Chopper under Conservation Tillage
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    摘要:

    針對深松作業(yè)時(shí)殘留土塊較大、破茬作業(yè)中機(jī)組載重過大等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了與深松鏟互作效應(yīng)的破茬碎土刀。結(jié)合機(jī)構(gòu)互作效應(yīng)時(shí)的運(yùn)動學(xué)分析及深松鏟的田間試驗(yàn),確定破茬碎土刀刃口曲線與地面夾角為10°~70°,破茬碎土刀最小半徑為180mm,中間半徑為215mm,最大半徑為235mm,深松鏟與破茬碎土刀的最小間隙為20mm,并運(yùn)用離散元仿真試驗(yàn)為機(jī)構(gòu)配合設(shè)計(jì)的合理性提供依據(jù)。田間性能試驗(yàn)表明,互作效應(yīng)裝置與參照指標(biāo)相比,破茬比率提高10.92%、碎土率提高6.04%、耗油量降低31.39%;田間對比試驗(yàn)表明,互作效應(yīng)的破茬碎土刀比分離作用的破茬碎土刀、圓盤刀、缺口破茬刀,在相同工況下,平均破茬比率分別增加了3.53%、19.38%、8.86%;在不同工況下,比分離作用的圓盤刀,平均載質(zhì)量降低20kg,破茬比率提高13.8%,耗油量減小7%,平均載質(zhì)量降低40kg,破茬比率提高5.82%,耗油量減小21.82%,比分離作用的缺口破茬刀,平均載質(zhì)量降低20kg,破茬比率提高4.5%,耗油量減小12.79%。因此與深松鏟互作效應(yīng)的破茬碎土刀,在降低載質(zhì)量時(shí)性能較優(yōu)。

    Abstract:

    There will be some problems when subsoiling, such as the large residual of clods and heavy load of the device. The interactional subsoiller-stubble was designed for solving these problems. According to the kinematics analysis and field test, the excursion of the included angle between the blade curve and the ground was sure to be 10°~70°, the minimum radius of the stubble chopper was 180mm, the middle radius was 215mm, the maximum radius was 235mm, and the minimum distance between subsoiler and stubble chopper was 20mm. The design was verified to be reasonable by discrete element simulation experiment. The field test indicated that to compare the interactional device with reference indicator, the stubble ratio was increased by 10.92%, the rate of crushing soil was increased by 6.04% and the oil consumption was decreased by 31.39%. Contrast test showed that under the same operating mode, to compare interactional subsoiler-stubble chopper with subsoiler-stubble chopper, cutting disc and the stubble chopper with breach, the average stubble ratio was increased respectively by 3.53%, 19.38% and 8.86%;under different operating modes, compared with subsoiler-cutting disc, when the average load was decreased by 20kg, the stubble ratio was increased by 13.8%, when the average load was decreased by 40kg, the stubble ratio was increased by 5.82%;compared with the stubble chopper with breach, when the average load was decreased by 20kg, the stubble ratio was increased by 4.5%, and the oil consumption was decreased by 12.79%. The interactional device had a better performance when the load was reduced.

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趙淑紅,王加一,楊超,陳佳奇,楊悅乾.保護(hù)性耕作破茬碎土刀設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(9):57-68. ZHAO Shuhong, WANG Jiayi, YANG Chao, CHEN Jiaqi, YANG Yueqian. Design and Experiment of Stubble Chopper under Conservation Tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):57-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-09-10
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