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氣吸式排種器卸種機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700703)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51575515)和國家玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目(CARS-02)


Design and Test of Unloading Mechanism of Air-suction Seed Metering Device
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    摘要:

    為解決氣吸式排種器因吸孔堵塞、種盤振動較大導(dǎo)致的漏播問題和氣流擾動引發(fā)的投種不均勻現(xiàn)象,優(yōu)化設(shè)計了卸種機構(gòu)。改進了卸種機構(gòu)安裝位置,確保排種器在攜種區(qū)能夠?qū)ΨN子有較好的吸附作用,防止飛種,同時減少碰撞和彈跳,使得種子在攜種區(qū)氣室末端脫落的概率相比于改進前降低了1.67%。推導(dǎo)出一種適用于卸種輪和種盤之間配合的齒面曲線,并通過ADAMS仿真的方式,提取嚙合力、徑向力和軸向力3個指標(biāo),模擬驗證了卸種輪齒設(shè)計的合理性,表明該曲線方程適用于不同種盤和吸孔數(shù)卸種輪的設(shè)計,其嚙合平穩(wěn)可靠,具有良好的通用性。以卸種機構(gòu)、前進速度和負(fù)壓為因素進行3因素試驗,通過分析不同速度下卸種機構(gòu)和負(fù)壓之間的差異性和試驗整體方差,確定了影響合格指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)、漏播指數(shù)的關(guān)鍵因素。選取優(yōu)化后的新卸種機構(gòu)進行回歸分析,通過回歸方程得出所設(shè)計排種器在10、12、14km/h作業(yè)速度下的最佳作業(yè)參數(shù),并進行了試驗驗證。結(jié)果表明:新卸種機構(gòu)能夠有效提高合格指數(shù)、降低高速作業(yè)漏播指數(shù)和粒距變異系數(shù),在作業(yè)速度為10~14km/h、負(fù)壓為3.43~3.81kPa時,合格指數(shù)達到96.8%,漏播指數(shù)小于等于2.0%,重播指數(shù)小于等于1.2%,各項指標(biāo)優(yōu)于國標(biāo)要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problem of missing seeding caused by small impurities or damaged seeds blocking suction holes under the action of adsorption force in the process of filling, clearing and carrying seeds, the unloading mechanism was optimized. The installation position of seed unloading mechanism was improved to ensure that the seed metering device could adsorb seeds well in the seed-carrying area, prevent flying seeds, and reduce collision and bounce. The probability of seed falling off at the end of the air chamber in the seed-carrying area was reduced by 1.67% compared with that before the improvement. A gear tooth surface curve suitable for the coordination between the unloading wheel and the seed plate was deduced. By means of ADAMS simulation, three indexes of meshing force, radial force and axial force were extracted, and the rationality of the unloading gear tooth design was verified by simulation. The curve equation can be used to design unloading wheels with different kinds of plate and suction holes, which made the meshing stable and reliable and had good versatility. A comprehensive test was carried out with the unloading mechanism, forward speed and wind pressure as factors. By analyzing the significant difference between unloading mechanism and wind pressure at different speeds and the overall variance of the experiment, the key factors affecting the qualified index, multiple index and missing index were determined. The optimized new unloading mechanism was selected for regression analysis, through regression equation, the optimum operating parameters of the designed metering device at operating speeds of 10km/h, 12km/h and 14km/h were obtained, and the experimental verification was carried out. The results showed that the new unloading mechanism can effectively improve the qualified index and reduce the missing index of high-speed operation. When the operating speed was 10~14km/h and the wind pressure was -3.81~-3.43kPa, the qualified index can reach more than 96.8%, the missing index was not more than 2.0%, and the multiple index was not more than 1.2%. All the indexes were better than the requirements of national standards and can achieve effective seeding.

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丁力,楊麗,張東興,崔濤,李玉環(huán),高筱鈞.氣吸式排種器卸種機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(1):37-46. DING Li, YANG Li, ZHANG Dongxing, CUI Tao, LI Yuhuan, GAO Xiaojun. Design and Test of Unloading Mechanism of Air-suction Seed Metering Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1):37-46.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-05-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-01-10
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