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支持轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)場標定的玉米精密排種器電驅(qū)控制系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700500-2017YFD0700502)


Investigation on Motor-driving Maize Precision Seed Meter System Supporting On-site Calibration of Rotate Speed of Seed Plate
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有玉米精密電驅(qū)排種控制系統(tǒng)無法快速適應(yīng)多類型排種器排種控制的問題,在玉米CAN總線電動排種的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了一種對玉米排種器排種驅(qū)動進行現(xiàn)場標定的電驅(qū)控制系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)在排種驅(qū)動電動機控制信號與排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系中,采用分段線性插值的方法現(xiàn)場獲取排種器驅(qū)動曲線,實現(xiàn)排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速標定與控制。以國產(chǎn)氣吸式玉米精密排種器和指夾式玉米精密排種器為試驗對象,在模擬車速下,對系統(tǒng)排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)場標定的控制準確性進行試驗。電驅(qū)氣吸式排種器排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速控制性能試驗中,株距設(shè)定為25cm,車速設(shè)定為3~12km/h(間隔3km/h),結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)時間最長為0.80s,穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差最大為0.81r/min,控制精度最低為97.42%。電驅(qū)指夾式排種器排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速控制性能試驗中,株距分別設(shè)定為20、25、32cm,車速設(shè)定為4~9km/h(間隔1km/h),結(jié)果表明,總體排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速平均調(diào)節(jié)時間為1.09s,標準差為0.26s;總體平均穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差為0.38r/min,標準差為0.23r/min;總體平均控制精度為98.30%,標準差為1.01%。與分段PID排種轉(zhuǎn)速控制系統(tǒng)控制性能進行對比得出,支持轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)場標定的系統(tǒng)具有更好的適應(yīng)性,平均調(diào)節(jié)時間減少0.51s,平均穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差增大0.16r/min,平均控制精度降低0.63個百分點。選用指夾式排種器,進行了播種均勻性田間試驗,株距為20cm,車速范圍為4~7km/h(間隔1km/h),結(jié)果表明,播種合格指數(shù)大于等于84.26%,變異系數(shù)小于等于18.29%,說明系統(tǒng)能夠完成對玉米精密排種器排種轉(zhuǎn)速控制曲線的高控制精度現(xiàn)場標定,能夠精準控制電驅(qū)排種轉(zhuǎn)速。

    Abstract:

    Facing the problem of existing maize precision planting control system cannot quickly drive the seed sowing of multiple types corn precision seed meters, an on-site seeding rate calibration system was designed based on the controller area network (CAN) bus motor-driving corn planting technology. From the corresponding relationship between the motor control signal and the rotate speed of seed plate, the system got the seed meter driving curve in the filed using piecewise linear interpolation to realize the seeding rate control. Taking a domestic corn air-suction seed meter and a corn finger pick-up seed meter as the test objects, the speed control performance of seed plate in simulative travel speed was respectively evaluated. In the experiment of rotate speed control performance of corn air-suction seed meter, the seed spacing was set to be 25cm and the travel speed was set to be 3~12km/h with increment of 3km/h, the greatest response time was 0.80s, the biggest steady-state error was 0.81r/min and the lowest accuracy of seed plate rotate speed control was 97.42%. In the experiment of rotate speed control performance of corn finer pick-up seed meter, the seed spacing was set to be 20cm, 25cm and 32cm and the travel speed was set to be 4~9km/h with increment of 1km/h, the results showed that the average response time of the whole rotate speed of seed meter was 1.09s with standard deviation of 0.26s;the average steady-state error of the whole experiments was 0.38r/min with standard deviation of 0.23r/min;the average accuracy of rotate speed control of the whole experiments was 98.30% with standard deviation of 1.01%. Compared the seed plate rotate speed control system with the sectional proportion integration differentiation (PID) method, the system supported seed plate rotate speed on-line calibration had a better adaptability, the average response time was decreased by 0.51s, the average steady-state error was increased by 0.16r/min and the average accuracy of rotate speed control was decreased by 0.63 percentage points. The planting uniformity experiment in field was performed, taking the finger pick-up seed meter as the material. In the experiment of planting uniformity in field, the seed spacing was set to be 20cm and the travel speed was 4~7km/h with increment of 1km/h, the results showed that the quality of feed index was greater or equal to 84.26%, and the coefficient of variation was less than or equal to 18.29%. The above results indicated that the system can precisely control the rotate speed of motor driving planting through the way of calibrating the planting rotate speed control curve of corn precision seed meter on site with high accuracy.

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楊碩,王秀,高原源,翟長遠,趙學(xué)觀,趙春江.支持轉(zhuǎn)速現(xiàn)場標定的玉米精密排種器電驅(qū)控制系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(1):47-55. YANG Shuo, WANG Xiu, GAO Yuanyuan, ZHAI Changyuan, ZHAO Xueguan, ZHAO Chunjiang. Investigation on Motor-driving Maize Precision Seed Meter System Supporting On-site Calibration of Rotate Speed of Seed Plate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1):47-55.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-01-10
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