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單行氣吸式微型薯精密播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51975265、31960366)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700600-2017YFD0700604)、云南省重大科技專項(xiàng)(2016ZF001、2017ZF001、2018ZC001-3、2018ZC001-4、2018ZC001-5)、云南省教育廳項(xiàng)目(2016ZZX048)和云南省高校工程研究中心建設(shè)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Minituber Precision Single-row Air-suction Planter
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)我國(guó)丘陵山地小地塊播種需求,及解決機(jī)械式微型薯播種機(jī)傷種嚴(yán)重、充種效果不佳等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種單行氣吸式微型薯精密播種機(jī),可一次完成開溝、播種、覆土作業(yè)。闡述了氣吸式微型薯精密播種機(jī)的工作原理,確定了排種器、開溝覆土器和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),以“麗薯6號(hào)”微型薯為研究對(duì)象,采用單因素試驗(yàn)與二次回歸旋轉(zhuǎn)正交試驗(yàn)方法,選取振動(dòng)頻率、振動(dòng)幅度、吸種負(fù)壓、作業(yè)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,對(duì)播種機(jī)進(jìn)行了播種性能試驗(yàn),建立了合格指數(shù)、漏播指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了各試驗(yàn)因素交互作用對(duì)合格指數(shù)的影響規(guī)律。經(jīng)參數(shù)優(yōu)化,確定最優(yōu)參數(shù)為吸種負(fù)壓10kPa、作業(yè)速度2.5km/h、振動(dòng)頻率5.6~6.8Hz、振動(dòng)幅度19.6~20.8mm,并經(jīng)田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,該條件下,播種機(jī)播種合格指數(shù)為93.28%、漏播指數(shù)為3.25%、重播指數(shù)為3.47%,滿足微型薯播種農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In the hilly and mountainous areas, it is unable to use large-scale foreign sowing machines, and the traditional mechanical miniature potato seeder has the problems of serious seed-injury and poor filling effect. In order to meet the conditions of small plot operation in hilly and mountainous areas and enhance the mechanization level of minituber, a precision single-row air-suction planter of minituber was designed. The planter consisted of seeding device, fan, ditching device, and soil and ridging device, which can complete ditching, sowing and soil covering work at one time. The working principle of the precision air-suction type planter of minituber was expounded, and the main structural parameters were determined. The "Lishu No.6" minituber was used as the research object, the single factor test and the quadratic regression rotation orthogonal test method were used to test the seeding performance of the planter, the vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, suction negative pressure and working speed were selected as experimental factors. The mathematical models of the qualified-seeding index, the miss-seeding index and the multiple-seeding index were established, the influence of the interaction of each test factor on the qualification rate was analyzed. The best combination of working parameters was obtained by four factors and five levels quadratic regression rotary orthogonal test. After optimizing the test parameters, when the suction negative pressure was 10kPa, the working speed was 2.5km/h, the qualified-seeding index was greater than 90%, the miss-seeding index was less than 5%, and the multiple-seeding index was less than 5%. After field test, the qualified-seeding index of the planter was 93.28%, the miss-seeding index was 3.25% and the multiple-seeding index was 3.47%. The air-suction planter had stable operation quality and met the requirements of national standards. The results showed that the air-suction planter could fully meet the agronomic requirements of minituber planting.

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王鳳花,孫凱,賴慶輝,董家宇,蘇微,于慶旭.單行氣吸式微型薯精密播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(1):66-76. WANG Fenghua, SUN Kai, LAI Qinghui, DONG Jiayu, SU Wei, YU Qingxu. Design and Experiment of Minituber Precision Single-row Air-suction Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(1):66-76.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-01-10
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